郑州商城青铜大方鼎造型与纹饰研究

郑州商城的三处青铜器窖藏共出土了八件青铜大方鼎,目前学界一般认为铜方鼎的原型与陶方鼎有关。但通过造型与纹饰的细节分析,可发现大方鼎的原型应为方形木质容器,乳钉纹带模仿了容器边套、箍圈上的成排铆钉。南顺城街窖藏的四件大方鼎,其纹饰的演变体现出从模仿铆钉原型到向装饰化发展的过程。     

The Growth of the Evaluation Tree in the Policy Analysis Forest: Recent Developments in Evaluation

The practice and profession of evaluation is continually evolving. From its early origin in the Great Society years of the 1960s, through its golden years of the 1970s, its transformation under the fiscal conservatism of the Reagan era in the 1980s, and in its maturation during the performance and results era of the 1990s, the field of evaluation continues to evolve in response to broader trends in society. This article examines recent developments and trends in the practice and profession of evaluation. Structured around the evaluation theory tree, the presentation of these developments elaborates on the three main branches of evaluation: methods, use, and valuing. The concluding discussion briefly addresses the central role of evaluation—and other types of knowledge production—in providing actionable evidence for use in public policy and program decision making.     

Robert Neal Rudmose Brown: Obituary

Africa Today: a Short Introduction to African Affairs. By B. W. Hodder. 18 1/2 x 12, 166 pp. 1 map, index. Methuen, London, 1978. Paperback £1.95.

The River Basin. By David Ingle Smith and Peter Stopp. 25 1/2 x 18, 120 pp. Cambridge Univ. Press, London, 1978. £5.95.

EDUCATIONAL

Place and People Series: No. 3—Communications and Networks, by Jean Forbes and James Ross, 80 pp.; No. 6—Land and Water Resources, by Arnold Bell, Raymond Cook and Ian Maciver, 72 pp., 24x 18J, Heinemann Educational, London, £1.40 each.

Beginning the New Geography. By Ken Briggs. 24 1/2 x 18 1/2, 64 pp. Hodder and Stoughton, 1979. £1.20.

Modern Techniques in Geography: Assignments in Geography. By Dalton, et al. 24 x 18 1/2, 68 pp. Philip, 1978.

Britain in Colour. By Fullagar and Virgo. 17 x 24, 186 pp. Hodder and Stoughton, 1978. £2.65.

Patterns of Development—Human Geography in Colour. By D. C. Money. 18 1/2 x 24 1/2, 184 pp. Evans Bros., London. £3.75.

World Resources Book 2—Metals. ByD. S.Scott. 29x21, 71 pp. Wheaton, 1978. £1.60.

Greater London. By Roland Allison. 19x25, 140 pp. Hodder and Stoughton, 1978. £2.45.

Contemporary Scotland: The Scottish Environment. By Ann Glen. 19x22, 74 pp. Heinemann Educational, London, 1978. £1.00.

British Isles. By Brian Nixon. 23x15, 316 pp. University Tutorial Press, Slough, 1978. £2.60.     

The geology of Scotland: A review

The hypothesis of the study is that external influences play a more dominant role than internal factors in influencing village population growth. Furthermore, the importance of any given index associated with village population growth may oscillate through given time periods. Factors selected are size of place, occupational grouping, urban influence and regional location. Their association with the population changes of Ontario villages are examined for three time periods, 1941–1951, 1951–1961, 1961–1966. The analysis indicates that external factors, regional location, and urban influences are most important.     

THE 'YAN TATSINE DISTURBANCES IN KANO—A SEARCH FOR PERSPECTIVE

Thursday, December 18, 1980 was a bright clear day in Kano, a welcome relief from the thick harmattan dust of the previous week. But that afternoon, a dark column of smoke rose up over the city. Word soon spread that the smoke came from trucks set on fire during a clash between police and followers of an obscure, and seemingly eccentric Muslim preacher by the name of Mallam Muhammadu Marwa, who was popularly called by the derisive nickname of Mallam Maitatsine. This nickname was derived from a Hausa phrase which he often used in his public preaching, "Wanda ba ta yarda ba Allah tatsine," meaning roughly, "May God curse whoever doesn't agree with me." Over the next ten days, Kano, the largest city in northern Nigeria, was engulfed in fear and confusion.¹