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981.
Steven A. Wernke 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2007,11(2):152-182
This paper examines the tension between the Spanish evangelical ideal of religious conversion (erasure and replacement of
“idolatrous” praxis) and the exigencies of its enactment (inter-cultural communication via analogy) among a series of sixteenth
century Franciscan doctrinal settlements (doctrinas) in the Colca valley of southern Peru. I suggest that the necessity and
outcomes of inter-cultural communication during initial evangelization made conversion impossible, despite increasing institutionalization
of coercive doctrinal measures through time. Combined archaeological and historical analysis explores how these tensions were
locally negotiated. Written texts describe early extirpation campaigns, while archaeological evidence documents the remains
of early doctrinas in the form of rustic chapels at local settlements which were previously centers of Inka power. Associations
between these chapels and Inka ritual spaces hint at an analogical approach to conversion that is not as evident in the documentary
record. Analogies linking Inka and Christian religious symbols were later “re-written” onto the surfaces and spaces of Spanish-style
reducción villages established in the 1570 s. 相似文献
982.
Diane E. Lyons 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2007,14(2):179-207
In Tigray, Ethiopia highland farmers and noblemen used a common vernacular architecture to build places of political authority
and power during the last century of Ethiopia's feudal economy. This study contributes to the perspective that domestic houses
are active political locales integrated into the larger political landscape. In addition, it is argued that vernacular architectural
style generates hierarchical power in part by manipulating building strategies usually attributed to monumental construction.
The study concludes that vernacular architecture is actively engaged in rendering a political aesthetic that reproduces state
authority in rural hinterlands. 相似文献
983.
Audrey Horning 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2007,11(4):358-378
Drawing on examples from Achill Island, County Mayo and from the north Antrim uplands, notions of marginality, isolation,
and cultural stagnation associated with upland landscapes are explored in light of contradictory material and documentary
data, raising questions about the materiality of marginality and challenging static, nationalist presentations of rural Irish
life in the post-medieval period. Discussion of the Irish evidence is contextualized with reference to the twentieth-century
construction of marginality in southern Appalachia. 相似文献
984.
This paper explores the themes and tensions of class and propriety at one of New Zealand’s early European settlements, a Church
Missionary Society mission in the Bay of Islands. Archaeological investigations at the site of the Te Puna mission house revealed
a cellar containing, among other articles, items connected with domesticity and feminine concerns, demonstrating the presence
of women and their daily activities. The interweaving of the archaeological and historical record sheds light upon the replication
of class and culture through themes such as the “cult of domesticity” at this remote location, a decade prior to British colonization. 相似文献
985.
There are many restrictions placed on researchers studying Paleolithic Cave art due to the constraints of conservation that
limit direct contact with the original works. This paper discusses how recent advances in technology have revolutionized the
study and interpretation of Paleolithic cave art. The interpretation of Paleolithic symbolic systems is a complex process
and hypotheses must be applied to cave art with the greatest of precision. A detailed analysis of the painted or engraved
surfaces leads to a greater understanding of both the techniques employed and the actual sequence in which parietal compositions
were executed. By unlocking the creative process followed by Upper Paleolithic artists we are able to glimpse the artist’s
motivations and to understand a portion of the art’s hidden meaning.
相似文献
Carole FritzEmail: |
986.
Joan M. Gero 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2007,14(3):311-327
In this paper I argue that the practice of archaeology over-emphasizes and over-rewards unambiguous certainty in our interpretations,
even though our conclusions are usually drawn from necessarily partial, underdetermined and complex evidence. I argue that
full or partial erasure of ambiguity from our data and from our interpretive assertions does not serve the long-term interests
of the discipline; that a feminist practice aimed at more nuanced understandings of the past and open to more subtle, multivalenced
notions of reality, must accept ambiguity as a central feature of archaeological interpretation. After I review familiar strategies
that are used to obscure troubling areas of uncertainty in archaeology, I urge feminist practice to resist employing these
“mechanisms of closure” in our work. It is only by openly recognizing and preserving the ambiguity that resides in messy data
arrangements today that we stand any hope of fuller and richer understandings in the future.
相似文献
Joan M. GeroEmail: |
987.
James K. Feathers Jack Johnson Silvia Rodriguez Kembel 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2008,15(3):266-296
Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) is applied to quartz extracted from mud mortar collected from Chavín de Huántar, an
early Andean monumental center. The samples appear to have been only partially exposed to sunlight during construction, so
a minimum age model is applied to equivalent dose distributions. Complications, including complex radioactivity, low sensitivity
of the quartz, and limited sample, prevent high precision, but the 14 dates obtained cluster around 1000 BC largely in agreement
with radiocarbon assays on charcoal also collected from the mortar. Results suggest a relatively rapid construction for the
monument. This work develops OSL as a method for directly dating architectural mortar. 相似文献
988.
After almost three centuries of investigations into the question of what it means to be human and the historical processes
of becoming human, archaeologists have amassed a huge volume of data on prehistoric human interactions. One of the largest
data sets available is on the global distribution and exchange of materials and commodities. What still remains insufficiently
understood is the precise nature of these interactions and their role in shaping the diverse cultures that make up the human
family as we know it. A plethora of theoretical models combined with a multitude of methodological approaches exist to explain
one important aspect of human interaction—trade—and its role and place in shaping humanity. We argue that trade parallels
political, religious, and social processes as one of the most significant factors to have affected our evolution. Here we
review published literature on archaeological approaches to trade, including the primitivist-modernist and substantivist-formalist-Marxist
debates. We also discuss economic, historical, and ethnographic research that directly addresses the role of traders and trade
in both past and contemporary societies. In keeping with the complexities of interaction between trade and other aspects of
human behavior, we suggest moving away from the either/or perspective or strong identification with any particular paradigm
and suggest a return to the middle through a combinational approach to the study of trade in past societies. 相似文献
989.
Mark A. Rees 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2008,12(4):338-359
Acadian expulsion from Nova Scotia and subsequent settlement in south Louisiana during the late eighteenth century have inspired
numerous studies since the 1970s concerning their history, cultural practices, and ethnic identity. The transformative landscape
of south Louisiana is the milieu where actions, experiences, and perception interconnect with collective memory and historical
consciousness in the production of Cajun identity. The resulting historical narratives and commemorations constitute a heritage
landscape known as Acadiana, where monuments, memorials, historic sites, and parks reaffirm and reproduce this identity. An
historical archaeology of Acadiana, including a recent investigation of the Amand Broussard homesite, offers a unique opportunity
for cultural analysis and historical critique. 相似文献
990.
Marlies Heinz 《Archaeologies》2008,4(3):460-470
This paper discusses the relationships between ethics and archaeological fieldwork. It represents the author’s reflections on her own archaeological work in an area, Lebanon, which has in recent times been wracked by considerable violence. The stimulus for the paper came mainly from the question posed by the session organizers and editors of this issue: what would constitute ethical archaeological practice, especially in situations of war and violence but also in cultural contexts in which different approaches to understanding and valuing historical knowledge predominate than those typically held by archaeologists. Two concrete examples from my own fieldwork in Beirut and Kamid el-Loz make clear how the scientific interests of historical-archaeological research and those of people who live in the research area can be reconciled despite specific instances in which they diverge. 相似文献