集满学研究之大成的一部力作--《中国满族通论》读后

由张佳生先生担纲主编的《中国满族通论》于2004年12月正式出版了。本文对《中国满族通论》一书的内容和结构进行了简单介绍,并分别从民族学解放和历史学角度对《中国满族通论》给予科学的评价。     

新形势下对我国民族地区税收优惠政策的思考

民族地区税收优惠政策大多已经停止执行．东部和西部经济发展出现更大差距。必须正视我国区域发展不平衡的问题,对民族地区税收优惠政策进行调整和补充。使民族地区财政收支矛盾得以缓解并逐步实现财政良性循环。     

我国古代刑法中的身份探究

考察我国古代刑法中的身份具有重要的现实意义。可将我国古代刑法中的身份分为五个方面：(1)基于生物学特征之身份。又可分为两类：一类是年龄和疾病;另一类是妇女和孕妇。(2)基于职务、职业之身份。(3)亲属身份。具体包括亲属相犯、亲亲相隐、族诛与缘坐、亲属相奸等方面。(4)社会等级身份。具体包括等级特权和良贱相犯。(5)共同犯罪中的身份。其中,唐律的有关规定最为细致、完备。     

把创先争优与学习型党组织建设结合起来

当前,学习型党组织建设和创先争优活动正在全党深入开展,正确认识和把握两者结合的根据、内容和实现,对于在实践中促进和实现两者的结合,使之相互促进、相得益彰,具有重要意义。创先争优与学习型党组织建设结合的根据在于两者本质属性相同、根本目标一致、活动内容交叉和活动功能互动;结合的内容包括总体要求、主要内容、方式方法、组织领导等方面;结合的实现最重要的是要落实到争当优秀共产党员上来。     

Timber economy in the Roman Age: charcoal data from the key site of Herculaneum (Naples,Italy)

The city of Herculaneum (Naples, southern Italy), buried by the volcanic eruption of Mount Somma-Vesuvius in 79 ad, is a key site for understanding the timber economy during the Roman period. In this paper, the results of charcoal analysis of different building element types are presented. Beams, joists, poles, planks and door and window frames were investigated allowing us a view of which timber the Romans preferred for building in this area. We also fit the taxonomic results into the reconstruction of the ancient Campanian landscape, and finally, we discuss the knowledge that the Romans had about the technological properties of the wood that they used for building and the possible selection criteria that they followed in choosing them. Coniferous timber is the preferred material for building purposes. Abies alba is especially used, this fact confirming its stronger presence in southern Italian woods during the past and suggesting that its decline is mainly due to human overexploitation. The large presence of Cupressus sempervirens, selectively used for the production of poles, confirms that this tree was cultivated in plantations for timber production in the Vesuvius area. Furthermore, it might indicate that cypress could have been present as a natural tree in the local vegetation, suggesting a forest type that nowadays almost completely disappeared from this area and from the entire Italy. The findings of Juglans regia, Pinus pinea and Olea europaea, typical elements of the Mediterranean cultural landscape, show that their use was not limited to fruit production and that Romans also appreciated their timber. Beside these local resources, the presence of Picea abies and Picea/Larix indicates the importation of timber from northerly regions, probably the northern Apennines and the Alps.     

Approaches to the Archaeology of Ethnogenesis: Past and Emergent Perspectives

Recently, interest in the archaeology of ethnogenesis has surged. This renewed interest stems from innovations in the historical study of ethnogenesis, theoretical shifts favoring multidirectional agency, and relevant contemporary sociopolitical debates. Theoretical problems surrounding the appropriateness of the social science concept of “ethnicity,” however, have made the comparative study of ethnogenesis difficult. Drawing from past and emergent perspectives adds renewed vigor to comparative studies of ethnogenesis. A methodology that integrates the different types of theory can resolve the theoretical tensions in the archaeological study of ethnogenesis.     

Electric and magnetic tomographic approach for the geophysical investigation of an unexplored area in the archaeological site of Pompeii (Southern Italy)

The joint application of electric and magnetic techniques for near-surface exploration represents a very useful tool for archaeological investigation and can provide a quantitative contribution to describe the spatial distribution of buried objects. In this work we show a new advanced tomographic approach, based on the parallel inversion of magnetic and electric observed data, aimed at the reconstruction of the subsoil of a still unexplored area of the archaeological site of Pompeii (Southern Italy). The survey was performed in collaboration with Pompeii's Archaeological Commission. The comparison between the results obtained from the tomographic inversions of both electrical and magnetic data was carried out in terms of the data inversions, which allowed us to obtain information about the location of the buried geophysical sources in the investigated subsoil. The results obtained seem to be in a good agreement, both for the position of the geophysical sources and for their dimensions.