排序方式: 共有83条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Alexandra Hofm?nner 《Archaeologies》2011,7(1):300-306
The Matthew and Matilda Effects in science were coined in 1968 (Robert K. Merton) and in 1993 (Margaret W. Rossiter) respectively,
as tools to analyse the reward systems of science. By proposing the African Eve Effect in science as a third effect, the original
scope for analysis of these systems is broadened from the social structure of science to the anthropological dimension of
science. Similarly, the ‘psychosocial processes’ that were considered as affecting the reward systems (Merton, Science 159:56–63,
1968) are extended to include discursive practices. The African Eve Effect refers to the scientific notion of the ‘African Eve’
(or mitochondrial (mtDNA) Eve), a concept put forward by scientists to designate the genetic mother of all modern humans.
Three discursive conventions constitute the African Eve Effect and together shape patterns of the distribution of recognition
for scientific work: projecting imaginative geographies of otherness onto the frontiers of science; collecting, transporting
and enframing material and ideas according to a Western epistemological order; and ‘evolutionising’ nature and the human in
science. The objective of this paper is to specify and illustrate an experimental tool for analysing the entanglement of the
reward system in science with culturally fashioned imaginaries and agendas. 相似文献
62.
Immigrant Inclusion in the Safety Net: A Framework for Analysis and Effects on Educational Attainment 下载免费PDF全文
Across states, there is substantial variation in the degree to which immigrants and their children are offered public assistance. We present a theoretical framework for analyzing the effects of policy decisions about immigrant inclusion. We apply the framework to investigate the effect of the state safety net on educational attainment. We focus on the years following welfare reform in 1996, when states gained considerable autonomy over welfare policy, including decisions about the eligibility of immigrant residents. Leveraging state‐level data from before and after reform, we estimate a difference‐in‐difference model to identify the effect of variation in immigrant inclusivity on educational attainment. We find that when states broaden the inclusivity of the social safety net to immigrants, young Latinos are more likely to graduate from high school. This effect is present beyond the group of Latino residents who receive additional benefits, suggesting that policy decisions about immigrants spill over to broader communities and communicate broader messages about social inclusion to racial and ethnic groups. We find similar patterns among Asian youth, but not among black and non‐Hispanic white youth. We conclude that immigrant inclusion has consequences for the life prospects of the growing population of youth in high‐immigrant ethnic groups. 相似文献
63.
64.
Alexandra Giancarlo 《Journal of Cultural Geography》2019,36(1):23-48
In southwestern Louisiana, the public sphere is dominated by the image of the Cajuns, presented as a hardy, likable people who have overcome significant obstacles since their arrival as Acadians in the late eighteenth century. Across the cultural region designated “Acadiana,” which comprises 22 counties, nearly 30% of the population is black (or Creole, mixed-race peoples generally identifying as black). Contributions of non-whites to the region’s history are usually not incorporated into the public historical narrative, and the erasure of these groups’ influences on the state’s cultural “gumbo” has profound symbolic and material consequences. Black/Creole residents note that much of their culture – primarily music and foodways – has been repackaged as Cajun or subsumed under the Cajun label and that they are unable to take advantage of the benefits that Creole-oriented tourism could bring to a region in which half of the counties are designated “black high poverty parishes.” Using mixed methods, including interviews, archival analysis, and census data, this paper explores the social, political, and economic consequences of the domination of Cajuns in the south Louisiana memorial and representational landscape and argues that commemorative silences in what Alderman et al. have called the “memorial arena” perpetuate a hegemonic social order. 相似文献
65.
This paper deals with the reinvestigation of selected engravings on slate plaquettes from the Late Upper Palaeolithic site of Gönnersdorf, Germany, by applying new 3D scanning methods for the first time. The aim of this method is to obtain further information about stylistic aspects of the depictions as well as to identify an inner chronology and interrelationship of the lines. In addition new options of 3D photography are tested as a further visual support of investigation and documentation. Previously analyses were subjective whereas the new interpretation uses impartial metric methods. In the future the more objective results will allow the comparison of engravings and their details, with the aim of discerning different artists as well as obtaining a better understanding of the art of former hunter- gatherer societies. 相似文献
66.
Laszlo Mark Zoltan Patonai Alexandra Vaczy Tamas Lorand Antonia Marcsik 《Journal of archaeological science》2010
The cell wall of mycobacteria includes an unusual outer membrane of extremely low permeability. This cell envelope consists of a characteristic cell wall skeleton, a mycoloyl arabinogalactan peptidoglycan complex, and related hydrophobic components that contribute to the cell surface properties. In this study 1400-year-old mycolic acids as unique tuberculosis biomarkers have been extracted and identified for the first time by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The data suggest that the MALDI TOF MS has potential as a rapid and reproducible technique for the detection and identification of ancient mycobacterial infections. 相似文献
67.
Alexandra Hartnett 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2004,8(2):133-147
In this paper, clay pipes and the historical record are used to explore the illicit importation of tobacco in seventeenth-century Galway, Ireland. This is part of a wider tradition of the politics of smoking, including the proliferation of the clay pipe, the widespread smuggling of tobacco, and the overtly political nineteenth-century pipes that touted nationalist emblems. Here, the juxtaposition of the archaeological and historical records locates subversive local agency in the face of overarching colonial mandates. Colonialism, trade, consumption, and identity are linked in an examination of a merchant community's maneuvers through the expanding Atlantic economy and the restricted colonial mandates that marked the world around them. 相似文献
68.
Alexandra Mack 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2004,11(1):59-81
Landscapes have multiple meanings depending on the perspectives of those who experience them. Uncovering those perspectives for past landscapes depends on multiple lines of evidence, both archaeological and historical. The landscape of the fourteenth- to sixteenth-century south Indian capital of Vijayanagara was the setting for important mythological events, interplays of power between the elite, ritual and pilgrimage for devotees, and ordinary daily activities for residents. This paper explores these different views of the urban landscape through examination of oral traditions and historical data, assessment of architecture and access and routing, and archaeological analysis of grinding stones and ceramics. 相似文献
69.
Dr. Martin L. Fontanari Dipl.-Geogr. Alexandra Partale 《Standort - Zeitschrift für angewandte Geographie》2003,27(3):125-132
Kein touristisches Segment ist
derzeit durch eine so massive Angebotsexpansion gekennzeichnet
wie der Gesundheitstourismus. Allein in Deutschland versuchen
sich heute mehr als 350 Heilbäder und Kurorte auf dem Markt der
heiß umworbenen Selbstzahler zu positionieren. Aber auch
außerhalb der Kurorte entwickelt sich das kur- und
gesundheitstouristische Angebot dynamisch. Der nachfrageseitige
Markt für gesundheitstouristische Dienstleistungen ist
vielversprechend und hat eine weltweite Mobilisierung um den
gesundheitsbewußten Touristen in Gang gesetzt. Um in diesem
stark wachsenden Markt überhaupt wahrgenommen zu werden, müssen
Anbieter mit einem klaren Profil erscheinen, vor allem Heilbäder
und Kurorte, die ein eher traditionelles Image aufweisen.
Zudem verlangen Investitionsvorhaben oder Wirtschaftsförderungen
klare Entscheidungsgrundlagen der langfristigen Positionierung
und Spezialisierung. Nicht zuletzt stellt sich die Frage, wie
Heilbäder und Kurorte auf Destinations- bzw. Landesebene am
Markt präsentiert werden müssen, um sich von anderen
Bäderdestinationen zu unterscheiden. Für diese komplexe
Aufgabenstellung hat das Europäische Tourismus Institut (ETI)
ein abgestimmtes Erhebungs-, Bewertungs- und Analyseinstrument
entwickelt, das konsequente Produkt- und
Positionierungsentscheidungen für den einzelnen Kurort wie auch
das Landes- oder Regionalmarketing ermöglicht. Die Vergleichende
Kurortanalyse (VKA) berücksichtigt dabei sowohl die Bedürfnisse
des Marktes als auch die spezifische Angebotsausstattung bzw.
-attraktivität in den Orten. 相似文献
70.
Economists typically celebrate productivity growth as the chief way to improve living standards. Productivity growth may reduce costs, improve quality, or lead to innovation and new products, but if demand is insufficiently elastic, productivity growth can lead to weakening of labor markets. We study county‐level effects of productivity growth and productivity levels on growth in employment, income, and earnings. The results suggest that productivity growth generally suppresses job growth but has boosting effects on earnings and, to a lesser degree, on per‐capita income, although there is considerable variation across geographies and specific outcomes. 相似文献