Automated Analysis of Environmental Degradation of Paint Residues

The development of effective conservation strategies for the protection of rock art sites involves the assessment of the taphonomic risks posed by physical and chemical weathering. This study outlines the methodology used in a pilot study to monitor and model the deterioration of paint residues in a cave environment. Mineral oxide pigments were mixed with water and placed on the walls of a cave in the Mendip hills (U.K.). The physical degradation of the paint residues was simulated visually and modelled mathematically. A training stage learning the characteristics of a reference image is followed by comparisons with this image as the test paints deteriorate. The study will be extended over three years and digital image processing will be used to quantify changes in the colour and dimensions of the test paints. The results will be correlated with micro-climatic variables. This methodology can be used to model taphonomic changes to rock art and other forms of imagery in differing environments.     

Equity in Regional Service Provision

Most transportation agencies stipulate that an important planning goal is to provide equitable and just public transport services. However, who is to be served and the type of service that should be provided has been ambiguous. This paper develops a methodology for examining equity in the provision of public transportation services. An approach for identifying areas in need of public transport is developed based upon the use of socio-demographic and economic information. Public transport need is then related to levels of access to service. This approach makes it possible to establish the degree to which public transport services may be considered equitable in relation to need and suitable access. A detailed analysis of the southeast Queensland region of Australia illustrates how this approach may be used to inform public transport decision making.     

Book reviews

Steve Smith and Michael Clark (eds), Foreign Policy Implementation. Allen & Unwin, London, 1985, pp. 195. $45.00 (cloth), $18.95 (paper).

David A. Baldwin, Economic Statecraft. Princeton University Press, Princeton. 1985, pp. 409. $US63.50 (cloth) $US 14.50 (paper).

J. O. Langtry and Desmond Ball (eds), A Vulnerable Country? Australian National University Press, Canberra, 1986, pp. 649. $45.00.

Michael O'Connor, To Live in Peace, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1985, ppxii+176. $9.50.

Robert Milliken, No Conceivable Injury. Penguin Books Australia, Ringwood, 1986, pp.xv+383. $7.95.

Desmond Ball (ed.), The AN7AC Connection. Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1985, pp. 169. $9.95.

Robin Kay (ed.), The Anzus Pact and the Treaty of Peace with Japan. Department of Internal Affairs, Wellington, New Zealand, 1985, pp. 1268. $NZ85.00.

Oliver Clubb, KAL Flight 007: The Hidden Story. Permanent Press, Sag Harbour, N.Y., 1985, pp. 174. $US 16.95.

Joni Lovenduski, Women and European Politics: Contemporary Feminism and Public Policy. Wheatsheaf Books, Brighton, 1986, pp xvi + 320. $60.00 (cloth), $23.95 (paper).

Marilyn Waring, Women, Politics and Power. Unwin Paperbacks, Wellington, 1985, pp. 121. $9.95.

R. Apthorpe and A. Krahl (eds), Development Studies: Critique and Renewal. E.J. Brill, Leiden. 1986, pp.264. $68.00.

S. Enders Wimbush (ed.), Soviet Nationalities in Strategic Perspective. Croom Helm, London and Sydney, 1985, pp. xxviii + 253. $49.95.

Rasma Karklins, Ethnic Relations in the USSR. The Perspective from Below. George Allen & Unwin, Boston, 1986, pp. xvi +256. $54.00.

Richard H. Solomon and Masataka Kosaka (eds), The Soviet Far East Military Buildup. Auburn House, Dover, MA, USA, 1986, pp. xv+301. No price given.

David Lane (ed.), Labour and Employment in the U.S.S.R. Wheat‐sheaf Books, Brighton, 1986, pp.viii+280. $75.00.

Maria Hirszowicz, Coercion and Control in Communist Society: The Visible Hand in a Command Economy. Wheatsheaf Books, Brighton, 1986, pp. vii+226. $75.00.

David Childs (ed.), Honecker's Germany. Allen & Unwin, London, 1985, pp.xv+201.$54.00.

M. J. Akbar, India: The Siege Within. Challenges to a Nation's Unity. Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1985, pp. 325. $7.95.

Judith M. Brown, Modern Indian. The Origins of an Asian Democracy. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1985, pp. 429. $24.99.

Mohamed Ariff and Hal Hill, Export‐Oriented Industrialisation: The ASEAN Experience. Allen and Unwin, Sydney, 1985, pp. 270. $19.95.

Thai Quang Trung, Collective Leadership and Factionalism. An Essay on Ho Chi Mink's Legacy. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 1985, pp. viii + 136. $ 19.50.

Audrey R. Kahin (ed.), Regional Dynamics of the Indonesian Revolution. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 1985, pp.xii, +306. US$25.00.

Nazaruddin Sjamusddin, The Republican Revolt — A study of the Acehnese Rebellion, Institute for Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 1985, pp.x+359. $S45.00 (cloth), $S32.00 (paper).

Richard Robison, Indonesia: The Rise of Capital. Allen & Unwin Australia. North Sydney, 1986, pp.xxv + 425. $ 19.95.

Judith Nagata, The Re/lowering of Malaysian Islam: Modern Religious Radicals and Their Roots. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, 1984, pp. 307. $C32.00.

James Home, Japan's Financial Markets: Conflict and Consensus in Policymaking. George Allen & Unwin Australia, Sydney, 1985, pp. 271. $29.95 (cloth), $ 17.95 (paper).

The Commonwealth Group of Eminent Persons, Mission to South Africa: the Commonwealth Report. Penguin Books, Harmond‐sworth, for the Commonwealth Secretariat, 1986, pp. 176. $6.95.

Peter King, Wendy Lee and Vincent Warakai (eds), From Rhetoric to Reality? Papua New Guinea's Eight Point Plan and the National Goals After a Decade. University of Papua New Guinea Press, Waigani, 1985, pp. xii + 459. (Available from Department of Government, University of Sydney, NSW 2006), $32.00.     

Rethinking Retail Theory: Circuits of Power as an Integrative Paradigm

Retailers have gained substantial market advantage from the use of locational modeling. This paper suggests that the wider context to their trading should also be borne in mind. A mix of corporate and regulatory influences situates retailers in a system where the concept of power can be very fluid. This paper suggests that the work of Stuart Clegg may help unravel some of the complexities and it utilizes case studies to illustrate particular strategic power plays in retailing.     

Book reviews

Ronald G. Ehrenberg, Labor Markets and Integrating National Economies. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1994. xxvi + 126 pp. No price given.

F.M. Scherer. Competition Policies for an Integrated World Economy, Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1994. xxii + 133 pp. No price given.

Sylvia Ostry and Richard R. Nelson, Techno‐Nationalism and Techno‐Globalism: Conflict and Cooperation. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1995. xxvi + 160 pp. $US28.95 (paper).

Richard N. Cooper, Environmental and Resource Policies for the World Economy. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1994. No price given.

C. Randall Henning, Currencies and Politics in the United States, Germany, And Japan. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1994. 432 pp. $17.99.

Ming Zhang, Major Powers at a Crossroads: Economic Interdependence and an Asia‐Pacific Security Community. Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner, 1995. xiii + 223 pp. $US49.95 (cloth).

Zaki Laïdi (ed.), Power and Purpose After the Cold War. Oxford and Providence, RI: Berg, 1994. xv + 213 pp. £14.95 (paper), £34.95 (cloth).

Hans‐Henrik Holm and Georg S0rensen (eds), Whose World Order? Uneven Globalization and the End of the Cold War. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1995. x + 246 pp. $US28.95 (paper).

Geoffrey Stern, The Structure of International Society: an Introduction to the Study of International Relations. London and New York: Pinter, 1995. vi + 314 pp. £11.99 (paper).

David Held, Democracy and the Global Order: From the Modern State to Cosmopolitan Governance. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995. xii + 324 pp. £13.95 (paper).

James L. Richardson, Crisis Diplomacy: The Great Powers Since the Mid‐Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. x + 426 pp. $32.50 (paper).

James Burk (ed.), The Military in New Times: Adapting Armed Forces to a Turbulent World. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994. ix + 212 pp. $US44.95 (cloth).

Lawrence Freedman (ed.), Military Intervention in European Conflicts. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1994. 195 pp. $39.95 (paper).

Mark Curtis, The Ambiguities of Power: British Foreign Policy Since 1945. London: Zed Books, 1995. vi + 250 pp. $US25.00 (paper), SUS59.95 (cloth).

Wang Enbao, Hong Kong, 1997: The Politics of Transition. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1995. xiii + 231 pp. $US45.00 (cloth).

Kobkua Suwannathat‐Pian, Thailand's Durable Premier. Phibun Through Three Decades, 1932–1957. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1995. xiv + 332 pp. $39.95 (cloth).

Sandy Gordon and Stephen Henningham (eds), India Looks East: An Emerging Power and its Asia‐Pacific Neighbours. Canberra: Canberra Papers on Strategy and Defence, No. 111, Australian National University, 1995. xx + 280 pp. $24.00 (paper).

Ralph R. Premdas, Ethnic Conflict and Development: The Case of Fiji. Aldershot (UK): Avebury, 1995. xi + 198 pp. £45.00 (cloth).

Werner J. Feld and Robert S. Jordan with Leon Hurwitz, International Organizations. A Comparative Approach. 3rd edn. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 1994. xxiii + 338 pp. $US24.95 (paper), $US75.00 (cloth).     

Political Alignments,Political Economy and Political Change in Australia 1890-1940

This paper explores the applicability of class-coalitional explanations to broad patterns of public policy in Australia at the turn of the century and during the Great Depression. It argues that this approach, with its strong comparative emphasis, does shed light on the 'historic compromise' between capital and labour established after Federation and provides some useful hypotheses about Australia's failure to 'break with orthodoxy' in the 1930s. In particular, it provides an important comparative framework for understanding the nature and role of the labour movement in Australian history, and a corrective to prevailing interpretations. The paper also argues, though, that evidence from the Australian case calls into question simple factor-endowment models of political change.