The morphological distinction between bones and teeth of fallow deer (Dama dama) and red deer (Cervus elaphus)

Morphological characters for the separation of red and fallow deer remains are described. These encompass antlers, permanent dentition, and postcranial bones. The characters were tested on samples of known red and fallow deer from an array of contexts, thus helping to ensure their validity across different populations. An attempt is made to quantify the reliability of each character, using a simple arithmetic method of scoring and analysing the test data. This forms the basis for a more objective assessment of the identity of an unknown specimen.     

On the Spatial Decomposition of Forecasts

This paper uses historical socioeconomic data to evaluate the elasticities of a Dendrinos‐Sonis one‐population/two‐locations nonlinear dynamic comparative advantage model for determining subregional shares of aggregate regional forecasts. The fractal dimension properties of the discrepancies between the actual and simulated data are used to enhance the forecasting framework. The analysis focuses in the first phase on total population, total personal income, and earnings by sector for the Columbus, Ohio Metropolitan Statistical Area, and Delaware County, one of its component counties. For the second phase of the analysis, these data for nondurable goods and for services are used, along with monthly data for total employment in Columbus, Cincinnati, and Cleveland, Ohio. Annual data for the analysis are drawn from the U. S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Information System, while the monthly data come from the Ohio Bureau of Employment Securities. The nonlinear dynamic model is shown to outperform conventional approaches for the majority of socioeconomic stocks.     

The whaling war: Conflicting cultural perspectives (Respond to this article at http://www.therai.org.uk/at/debate)

The political ritual generated by Japanese whaling in the Southern Ocean annually captures the Australian imagination and at least the attention of international audiences. This article examines how Australia has become the self‐appointed guardian of Antarctic whales whilst Japan remains resolutely pro‐whaling.     

Waging war in the fourteenth century

The papers in this special issue exemplify how, through the study of sources beyond the chronicles which have tended to dominate historical writing about fourteenth-century military history in western Europe, we can advance our knowledge on how war was waged by the English — and on some occasions by their enemies too.     

‘Leger est aprendre mes fort est arendre’: wool,debt, and the dispersal of Pipewell Abbey (1280-1330)

It has long been known that English Cistercian monasteries often sold their wool in advance to foreign merchants in the late thirteenth century. The abbey of Pipewell in Northamptonshire features in a number of such contracts with Cahorsin merchants. This paper looks again at these contracts in the context of over 200 other such agreements found in the governmental records. Why did Pipewell descend into penury over this fifty year period? This case study demonstrates that the promise of ready cash for their most valuable commodity led such abbots to make ambitious agreements – taking on yet more debt to service existing creditors – that would lead to their eventual bankruptcy.     

Historical Development of Asian Anchors,as Evidenced by Two Wooden Anchors Found in Northern Vietnam

This article presents the result of research on two large wooden anchors recently identified in Hanoi, Vietnam. Some features of the anchors show similarities with anchors originating from East Asian regions, but the research demonstrates that they are probably from ships locally constructed in the 18th and 19th centuries. In the attempt to clarify the origin of these anchors, it was discovered that there has been little discussion on the historical development of anchors in East and Southeast Asia. Therefore, this article will also assess the significance of the two anchors in the regional evolvement of anchors. © 2010 The Authors