湖北房县出土摇钱树考

摇钱树是我国汉代、三国时期墓葬中常见的随葬明器,大多出土于四川盆地.位于鄂西北的房县为首次发现摇钱树,对于研究摇钱树的分布范围有重要意义.     

旅游经济转型升级进程中的市场主体论

随着旅游市场基础稳步向国民大众的日常消费回调以及资本、技术和人才对传统业态的改造,我国旅游经济正在进入全面深化改革、创新发展驱动和打造旅游经济升级版的关键时期。发现和培育新型市场主体,推动传统业态特别是国有旅游企业的现代化变革,从而确立企业在旅游经济运行中的市场主体地位,是政策设计的战略选项,也是构建当代旅游发展理论的学术支撑点。     

城市滨海区域游憩环境系统研究--以大连市旅顺口区为例

城市滨海区域是海滨城市中最有活力的地段,也是海滨城市居民亲水、休闲娱乐的理想场所。本文在论述滨海区域游憩功能提升的基础上将这一区域游憩环境系统分为4个子系统：陆域游憩环境系统、海岸游憩环境系统、近海游憩环境系统和海岛游憩环境系统。其子环境系统构成的三要素是游客、游憩环境和交通。本文以大连市旅顺口区为例进行系统分析,提出该区今后建设游憩环境的几点建议。     

秦汉铁器锈蚀机理探讨及保护方法研究

为了搞清铁器的锈蚀机理,为铁器文物保存提供最佳条件,通过对秦汉两代几件铁器不同部位腐蚀产物分析及不同条件下铁器锈蚀情况实验来研究古代铁器锈蚀机理及保护方法,结果发现,铁器锈蚀成分不仅十分复杂,而且同一锈蚀产物中α、β、γ三种构型的FeO.OH共存,实属罕见,同时采用新的保护方法,使铁器处于一个干燥,无氧,无盐,无水,无有害气体的最佳保护状态。     

天津博物馆文物库房部分文物与囊匣中霉菌的分离与鉴定

馆藏文物中的书画、古籍、档案、纺织品和竹木漆器等有机质文物,常常受到霉菌的破坏。为了解文物库房有机质文物中霉菌病害现状,寻找适合的防治方法,利用显微形态观察和分子生物学方法,对四个库房内文物材料与囊匣上滋生的霉菌进行采样、培养、分离和鉴定。实验分离出的14株菌株通过形态观察和分子生物学鉴定为6个属,包括毛壳菌属(Chaetomium)、畸枝霉属(Malbranchea)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、派伦霉属(Peyronellaea)和枝孢属(Cladosporium)等,其中毛壳菌属数量最多,曲霉属次之,多数为能对文物产生危害的常见菌种,亟待采取有效防治措施。实验结果可为今后霉菌的防治工作提供依据。     

新疆吐鲁番胜金店墓地出土煤精制品的科技分析

煤精独特的质地与光泽使其成为制作装饰品和工艺品的重要原料之一,自新石器时代中期便在我国作为艺术载体而出现。目前煤精制品的鉴定主要依据外观形貌、划痕颜色和破坏程度较大的煤岩学分析,无损或微损的科技分析甚少。本研究利用气相色谱-质谱联用、红外光谱及同步辐射显微CT技术对新疆吐鲁番西汉时期胜金店墓地出土的一枚黑色珠子开展了无损和微损分析。结果表明,珠子为煤精制品,结构均匀,制作时采用了对向钻孔工艺并经过了打磨、修整处理。煤精制品自西汉以来逐渐出现在低阶人群墓葬中,这种消费大众化现象可能与汉代煤的首次大规模利用有关;而煤精制品自汉代开始在新疆地区零星出现,推测新疆煤精制品的利用很可能是汉文化影响的结果。     

Inheritance relationship between Zhanggongxiang kiln celadon and Ru Guan celadon: Comments on the rationality of Raman Ip value evaluating firing temperature

The development of Chinese ceramics culminated during the Song dynasty. At this time, exquisite celadon works emerged, such as Ru Guan celadon and Southern Song dynasty official kiln celadon, which exhibited the glory of their era. Since the excavation of Zhanggongxiang kiln celadon in Ruzhou city, Henan province, China, it has been attracting widespread scholarly attention at home and abroad. Most scholars have suggested that Zhanggongxiang is the official kiln of the Northern Song dynasty. In this paper, taking the celadon unearthed from the Zhanggongxiang kiln as a sample, the combination of laser Raman spectrum and thermal expansion methods is used to study the inheritance relationship between Zhanggongxiang celadon and Ru Guan celadon in the firing process. Meanwhile, the rationality of using Raman I_p value to evaluate the firing temperature of ceramics is reviewed. The main conclusions are as follows. First, the firing temperature of Zhanggongxiang celadon with various glaze colours is quite different, whereas the firing temperature of the same glaze colour is similar, thereby inheriting the firing technology of Ru Guan porcelain. Second, the I_p value of glaze cannot evaluate the firing temperature of porcelain with similar firing temperature. The I_p value corresponds to a range, within which it does not fully conform to the rule that the larger the I_p value, the higher the firing temperature. The I_p value is also associated with the formulation in addition to firing temperature. It is applicable to evaluating porcelains with a similar formulation but a large temperature difference.