Schneider,Helen M., Keeping the Nation＇s House.＂ Domestic Management and the Making of Modern China

According to the ancient wisdom of the Great Learning （Daxue）, the regulation of a state extends from proper regulation of family affairs. This doctrine echoes throughout Helen Schneider＇s fascinating study of how the imported discipline of home economics （jiazheng xue） became domesticated in China before 1949. Like other new disciplines in China,     

Psychosurgery in Sweden 1944-1964

This study presents results on hitherto unknown data on lobotomies performed at the former State Mental Hospital of Umedalen (from here on called simply "Umedalen") in the north of Sweden. More than 700 operations were carried out from 1947 through 1960, and we calculated the average rate of postoperative mortality to 7.4 percent, and that 63 percent of those who were operated were women. By considering annual hospital reports to the National Board of Health (Medicinalstyrelsen), we also made the first mapping of early psychosurgery in Sweden; approximately 4,500 lobotomies were performed between 1944 and 1966. Statistical analysis, qualitative content analysis, and discourse analysis were used. The study supports earlier findings of female preponderance in the number of lobotomy operations.     

槟榔的隐患

年轻女子们沿着台湾的大街小巷站好位置,兜售着一种危险却越来越受欢迎的小吃：槟榔。顾客们把熟石灰抹在槟榔树的种子上,再用蒌叶包起来——“蒌叶果”的别名由此而来——接着便丢入口中大嚼。吃这种东西会上瘾。和烟草嚼块一样,槟榔能使人产生微醺的感觉,减轻饥饿感,消除疲劳。吃这种东西的样子也很不堪,它刺激唾液腺,然后把涌出来的口水染成鲜红色。     

Rights to food with a human face in the global south

This article seeks to dispel the popular myth surrounding the food crises which precipitated food riots in the global South in 2008. Arguing from a structural and historical perspective, the article suggests that global hunger is a deep-rooted crisis that is embedded in the social and structural variables associated within the nation-state that places a restraint on the self-regulating capacity of nation-states in the South. Internationalizing the food crisis, however, will do more harm to the south’s agricultural transformation and rural development. The article argues for integrated rural development that will increase output growth through an institutional, technological, and marketing strategy.     

托忒文历史文献对清朝官方史籍编纂的影响

二十世纪三十至四十年代 ,陈垣先生曾大力倡导史源学研究。史源学的要义 ,是追寻史学论著的史料来源 ,检验立论的依据 ,考证其中的讹误。半个世纪以来 ,史源学不但在历史学界享有盛誉 ,而且扬起学术规范化的风帆 ,驶向邻近学科的学术港湾 ,产生广泛的影响。① 当然这主要讲的是对汉文文献研究的影响。在蒙文文献的研究方面 ,1 978年蒙古国学者沙·比拉在他的专著《蒙古史学史》中也关注到了这一问题。他在研究“帝国时代的蒙古史学史 (十三———十四世纪 )”的有关著述《圣武亲征录》、《元史》时就断言 ,它们的资料来源中有不少蒙古文资料…     

亚斯尔·十娃子--东干书面文学的创始人

今天很难想象,东干曾经没有自己的文字,甚至没有一个作家。这样的时代是有过的。那时候,人们仅仅满足于民间口头创作的作品。到1931年才出版了文艺创作的第一本书,这本书就是亚斯尔·十娃子的诗集《启明星》。当时作者年仅25岁。现在,70年过去了,可以设想,亚斯尔·十娃子和他的第一批读者当时体验到了什么样的感觉,也许与飞行的感觉相似。现在可以肯定地说,亚斯尔·十娃子的书是东干书面文学的开始,称他为东干书面文学的创始人是完全正确的。第一本书的出版无疑成为作家的一个巨大成就,在这之前是诗人和学者般的紧张工作。使用自己发明的文…     

美索不达米亚早期食物生产的生态学——史前农人与牧人开发一系列位置相邻却差异显著的气候区

大美索不达米亚,在这里广泛地定义为阿拉伯河（Shattal—Arab）各支流汇人的整个地区,长期以来它是公众兴趣和学术研究的舞台。近年来,关注点转向这样一个事实,即它是世界上少数几个农业与动物饲养独立出现的地区之一。虽然已有许多近东粮食生产起源方式出色的文化历史学复原,但是大多数并未直接解决感兴趣的非专业人士最常提出的一些生态学问题。本文研究其中的某些问题。     

Animal electricity at the end of the eighteenth century: the many facets of a great scientific controversy

In the 1790s, Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta were the main protagonists of a lively debate on the role of electricity in animal organisms. Significant developments originated from this debate, leading to the foundation of two new disciplines, electrodynamics and electrophysiology, that were to play a crucial role in the scientific and technological progress of the last two centuries. The Galvani-Volta controversy has been repeatedly reconstructed, sometimes in an attempt to identify the merits and the errors of one or the other of the two protagonists, sometimes with the aim of demonstrating that the theories elaborated by the two Italian scholars were irreconcilable, reflecting completely different ways of looking at phenomena and conceiving of scientific research. In this article a different interpretation is offered, based on a discussion of the scientific issues that were central to Galvani's and Volta's research, and with reference to the context of science and society of the eighteenth century.