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This article explores the tensions between aid funding and grassroots development goals in the context of post-disaster fisheries reconstruction in Aceh, Indonesia. We argue that both short- and long-term grassroots goals are distorted by upward accountability requirements which lead to unsatisfactory aid outcomes. Our analysis employs the concept of aid webs and draws on fifty-one formal interviews with stakeholders in Aceh in 2007/2008. The findings initially concentrate on the impacts of upward accountability on project cycles, with a particular focus on the problematic incorporation of private boat-building contractors and commercial values during the implementation phase. We then discuss the more subtle, long-term impacts of upward accountability on the professionalization of community institutions — in this case, the Panglima Laot Lhok. We conclude with a few observations about the hybrid institutions — combining elements of local and development cultures — that are produced within the current political economy of aid. 相似文献
54.
Banerjee A 《Development and change》2011,42(2):529-557
Critical changes are underway in the domain of grain utilization. With the large‐scale diversion of corn for the manufacture of ethanol, the bulk of it in the USA, there has been a transformation of the food–feed competition that emerged in the twentieth century and characterized the world's grain consumption after World War II. Concerns have already been expressed in several quarters regarding the role of corn‐based ethanol in the recent food price spike and the global food crisis. In this context, this article attempts to outline the theoretical tenets of a food–feed–fuel competition in the domain of grain consumption. The study focuses on developments in the US economy from 1980 onwards, when the earliest initiatives on bio‐fuel promotion were undertaken. The transformation of the erstwhile food–feed competition with the introduction of fuel as a further use for grains has caused a new dynamics of adjustments between the different uses of grains. This tilts the distribution of cereal consumption drastically against the low‐income classes and poses tougher challenges in the fight against global hunger. 相似文献
55.
Speybroeck N Paraje G Prasad A Goovaerts P Ebener S Evans DB 《Geographical analysis》2012,44(2):151-161
This article discusses options to allow comparative analysis of inequalities in the distribution of health workers (HWs) across and within countries using a single summary measure of the distribution. Income inequality generally is measured across individuals, but inequalities in the dispersion of HWs must use geographical areas or population groupings as units of analysis. The article first shows how this change of observational unit creates a resolution problem for various inequality indices and then tests how sensitive a simple ratio measure of the distribution of HWs is to changes in resolution. This ratio of inequality is illustrated first with the global distribution of HWs and then with its distributions within Indonesia. The resolution problem is not solved through this new approach, and indicators of inequalities of access to HWs or health services more generally appear not to be comparable across countries. Investigating geographical inequalities over time in one setting is possible but only if the units of analysis remain the same over time. 相似文献
56.
Yonglin Jiang Paul A. Jackson Timothy Swanger Clarke Hudson Di Wang Xiantang Li Linsun Cheng Linda Feng Qiliang He 《Frontiers of History in China》2011,6(2):296-322
A Feng 阿风, Ming Qing shidai funü de diwei yu quanli: yi Ming Qing qiyue wenshu, susong dang’an wei zhongxin 明清时代妇女的地位与权利——以明清契 约文书,诉讼档案为中心 (The status and rights of women during Ming and Qing times: focused on contractual documents and litigation archives of the Ming and Qing);Eli Alberts, A History of Daoism and the Yao People of South China;Robert Ford Campany, Making Transcendents: Ascetics and Social Memory in Early Medieval China;Barbara Hendrischke, The Scripture on Great Peace: The “Taiping Jing” and the Beginnings of Daoism (Daoist Classics);Jin Jiang, Women Playing Men: Yue Opera and Social Change in Twentieth-Century Shanghai;Ma Liangkuan 马亮宽, Fu Sinian shehui zhengzhi huodong yu sixiang yanjiu 傅 斯年社会政治活动与思想研究 (A study of Fu Sinian’s thought and social-political work);Daniel J. Meissner, Chinese Capitalists versus the American Flour Industry, 1890–1910: Profit and Patriotism in International Trade;Rong Xinjiang 荣新江, Sui Tang Chang’an: xingbie, jiyi ji qita 隋唐长安: 性别, 记忆及其他 (Sui-Tang Chang’an: gender, memory, and other);Wen-hsin Yeh, Shanghai Splendor: Economic Sentiments and the Making of Modern China, 1843–1949 相似文献
57.
水关是古城墙建筑的一个重要元素,对研究古城墙布局及城市演变具有重要意义。为了对泰州水关遗址进行科学保护,首先通过现场调研,对泰州水关遗址的残损进行分析,找出其可见的病害,包括墙体残损、基础残损、券体残损及木桩残损;然后通过有限元模拟分析其结构性能,找出其隐在的病害,主要是地基和墙体问题。最后,综合残损调研及数值模拟结果,提出了适用于水关遗址的修缮设计方法,包括地基加固、墙体加固以及木桩保护方法。 相似文献
58.
陶器,在许多特性上它接近于石,因为它的化学成分的一部分是由矽土(SiO_3)和黏土化合而成的,即是和氧化铝AL_2O_3与水H_2O相化合的。在许多关于石类物品中所讲到的办法,在讲陶器时也能重複到。它们的基本差别就在于陶器乃是人工构成的产品,而不是现成的自然材料.这就是说,问题是在于制造它时的某些工藝学上的特点,而不在于材料的性质。这些工藝学上的特点就是:在制陶器所用的黏土中,含有在化学上结晶在一起了的水(H_2O),即含有的不是那种随着乾燥就蒸发出去的那种吸濕性水,而是含有构成该化学物质所固有的水;高温可以使这种水排出去,但是黏土也就会因之丧失其造型性,丧失了与水可作成柔靱泥团的性质。这种固有水离开黏土时,黏土的性质就变成陶质,再不能在 相似文献
59.
M.B.法尔马考夫斯基 《文物》1956,(3)
第四节纤维物质一、纺织纤维及纺织纤维的制品纤维物质类包括着巨大数量的物品,这些物品在外貌上是极其多种多样,而按其性质的基本特征和工艺学上的本性是有着深厚的亲族关系的。它包括:一、可用于制备织物、线绳、丝绦、绳子等物的纺织纤维;二、皮革和皮革纸;三、木;四、 相似文献