Smith,Aminda M., Thought Reform and China＇s Dangerous Classes Reeducation,Resistance, and the People

Aminda M. Smith＇s bold and thought-provoking first book examines the reeducation of China＇s ＂dangerous classes＂ in the 1950s, using the process of thought reform to study how the new party-state answered the following question ＂What makes a vast population of heterogeneous individuals into the Chinese People？＂ （p. 11）. With an array of primary source materials including government documents from the Beijing Municipal Archive,     

图坦卡门

他死时年仅十几岁,是一个强大家族的最后继承人。这一家族统治埃及及其帝国长达数百年。他被葬入墓中,并最终被人遗忘。自从1922年他的陵寝被人发现后,世人一直在猜测他究竟遭遇了什么,其中最极端的猜测认为他是被人谋杀。在被发现80多年后,他第一次离开墓室．接受了CT扫描(上)。这为人们揣测他的生前诸事提供了新的线索．也为描绘这位少年法老的准确法医学复原图(右)提供了精确的资料。     

中国书法对西方现代主义的影响

很久以来,中国书法就在西方艺术和文化中占据着一个重要的位置。本文将探讨它对一些现代诗人和画家的影响,还将描述这种影响的某些历史条件。     

复生之岛

险峻、荒凉的南乔治亚岛伸出海面,岛上幽昧的南极群峰以及冰原．悬冰川构成了一条180公里长的弧线。从一艘船的甲板上看过去,整座岛屿显得突儿而吊诡,就像喜马拉雅山刚从史前一场席卷全球的大洪水中现小身来。     

笔谈"抗日战争与中日关系史研究"

编者按:2009年1月11日,由本刊编辑部与海南大学历史文化研究基地联合主办的"抗日战争研究与中日关系学术研讨会"在海口召开.会议就抗日战争与中日关系史研究中的诸多问题进行了讨论.论者从不同方面,对以往研究进行了评析,同时也对今后的研究提出了建议.这些意见对推动研究的深入,当有启发意义.因此,特邀请参加会议的部分学者笔谈如下(以发言先后为序).     

Mean consumption, poverty and inequality in rural India in the 60th round of the National Sample Survey

This article reports on mean consumption, poverty (all three FGT measures) and inequality during 2004 for rural India using National Sample Survey (NSS) data for the 60th Round. Mean consumption at the national level is much higher than the poverty line. However, the Gini coefficient is higher than in recent earlier rounds. The headcount ratio is 22.9 per cent. Mean consumption, all three measures of poverty and the Gini coefficient are computed at the level of 20 states and 63 agro-climatic zones in these 20 states. It is surmised that despite impressive growth rates deprivation is pervasive, pockets of severe poverty persist, and inequality is rampant.     

A case of exemplarity: C. F. Rottböll's history of smallpox inoculation in Denmark-Norway, 1766

Smallpox inoculation was one of the great discoveries of the 18th century and has been written into the grand narrative of medical progress, describing the taming of epidemic disease. Setting the perspective of progress aside, the article explores how this medical innovation was situated in 18th-century society and culture. The aim is to investigate how medical practice was intertwined with social structure and cultural patterns. The article takes its case from a book published in Copenhagen in 1766 by Professor C. F. Rottb?ll, former Head Physician of the Royal Inoculation House in Copenhagen. Being the first medical treatise on inoculation in Denmark-Norway, the book also has a historical section followed by a collection of reports and letters written by a number of other authors from various parts of the kingdom. Through close reading, the article explores how the introduction of the new technique was described in the texts. The reports were written to present practice and discuss cases. In doing so, they also presented a variety of other concerns so that a diversity of aims and intentions are added to the medical ones. The social and rhetorical strategies employed illuminate social ambition and systems of patronage, as well as understandings of history and of truth.     

A kind of consensus on the roads? Drink driving policy in Britain 1945-1970

The history of drink driving and legislative responses to it remain virtual terra incognita. This contribution traces developments in Britain between 1945 and the aftermath of the Road Safety Act in 1967. The first section focuses on the formation of an extra-parliamentary pressure group in the 1950s. This is complemented by an interpretation of the impact of the government-backed Drew Report (1959), and the ways in which Drew's research was rhetorically and creatively deployed by Graham Page, leading spokesman for the Pedestrians' Association and Ernest Marples, the Conservative Minister of Transport. The final section interrogates key debates leading up to the introduction of the breathalyser. The article concludes that belated introduction of road safety legislation in Britain in the 1960s revealed a high degree of cross-party consensus. Only senior officials at the Home Office, and to a lesser extent, at the Ministry of Transport, repeatedly threatened to delay reform.     

Slum clearance, privatization and residualization: the practices and politics of council housing in mid-twentieth-century England

This article contributes to a growing literature on working-class suburbanization by arguing that both the residualization and privatization of council housing need to be properly historicized. This case study of housing policy in the borough of Brighton demonstrates that council house sales between the 1950s and 1970s were important in the residualization of inter-war estates well before the 'right to buy' legislation of the 1980s. Concerns about excessively affluent tenants can also be traced to the inter-war period, although it was not until the late 1950s that local Conservatives sought to push affluent council tenants into owner occupation via capping incomes and encouraging council house sales. The article shows that slum clearance had long been central to the local council's provision of municipal housing and that apart from two short periods following the First and Second World Wars, council housing was conceived of primarily as a residual tenure by those in control of policy implementation. It further demonstrates that slum clearance between the 1920s and 1960s altered the social constituency for council housing and, combined with selective privatization, specific allocation policies and disinvestment, led to the stigmatization of certain inter-war estates. The article suggests that further case studies are needed in order to test the wider applicability of these arguments during the middle years of the twentieth century.