咸阳成任墓地出土东汉金铜佛像科学分析

本文对陕西咸阳成任墓地东汉墓M3015出土的两件犍陀罗风格金铜佛像开展了工艺考察和检测分析,主要采用了宏观观察、超景深显微摄像、X光摄像、扫描电子显微镜—能谱分析、金矿相显微分析等方法。结果表明两件佛像材质均为铅锡青铜,以陶范法铸造,并经插接组合、锉磨、钻孔等工序制成。两件金铜佛像的合金成分、铸造技术与犍陀罗地区同时期铜雕像技术有差别,而与商周秦汉青铜器的主流相同,应是具有犍陀罗风格的中国本土产品。     

唐苏同家族墓出土陶质彩绘天王俑胎体的科学分析

In April 2021, several exquisitely decorated figurines of Heavenly Kings were unearthed from the Tang Dynasty tombs of Su Tong's family in Xianyang, Shanxi Province. However, for each figurine, the outer side was unevenly red and black, and the center and interior of the body black, and the mechanical properties extremely poor (disintegrated by water). To scientifically restore and conserve the polychrome pottery figurines of Heavenly Kings, we carried out scientific analyses of their materials and their firing process. The composition, structure, firing temperature and mechanical properties of the figurine remnants were determined and analyzed using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, an X-ray diffractometer, a simultaneous thermal analyzer, a thermal dilatometer, an X - ray photoelectron spectrometer, a universal testing machine and a hardness tester. The experimental results show that 1) the figurines were made of fusible clay containing quartz, albite, calcite, muscovite, clinochlore and other minerals; 2) the figurines were sintered between 300 ~400 °C in an oxidizing atmosphere, the internal sintering degree being lower than that of the external surface and the uneven atmosphere leading to the differences in color among various parts of a figurine ； 3 ) the mechanical strength of the figurines was low, with a flexural strength of about 2 MPa and a hardness of 54 〜71 HD. The study provides a scientific basis for the effective conservation and reasonable preservation of the polychrome pottery figurines of Heavenly Kings and of other similar kinds of cultural relics. © 2023, Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology. All Rights Reserved.