从最新考古研究成果看女真文化源流的某些问题

最近20年来,苏联科学院远东分院历史,考古与远东各民族研究所的考古学家、中世纪历史学家,在塞金、尼古拉耶夫、安那尼耶夫,拉佐夫、叶卡杰琳娜、诺沃果尔杰也夫、克拉斯诺雅罗夫、斯卡丘斯特、布拉霍特纽金和滨海边区的其它地方的一些古城址和古遗址所进行的考古调查研究中,尽可能地收集最丰富的、最全面的反映滨海边区12～13世纪初叶,女真人文化、经济活动、生活习惯及社会制度的材料。这类资料产生了一种可能性,具体地说,有时突然产生了一种观点,即对曾经考察过的一些地点及其民族文化的历程,又有了新的认识,并且据此得出新的结论。比如,就女真人的文化历程的性质来说,具有混合的特点,而从其文化的民族内容来说又是独特的。     

东南亚漆艺简史

尽管今天的东南亚各国都建立了自己的漆器工业,但需对它的发展过程追根溯源,却十分困难。因为它的早期历史鲜为人知,而且遗留下来的文物只能帮助我们追溯到18世纪。人们普遍认为自古以来,漆一直被用来防水,或制成保护层用于木制品或编织物,用漆于较复杂的装饰技术,其最初起源仍是人们争论、猜测的热门话题。热带气候     

我的三个儿子被认定为活佛的来龙去脉

我的三个儿子被认定为活佛的来龙去脉拉鲁·次旺多吉我有４个儿子,其中３个被先后认定为转世活佛,这是拉鲁家的福泽,也表现了拉鲁家族在旧西藏政界和宗教界的地位。次子晋美曲英被认定为达那活佛藏历铁兔年（１９５１年）的一天,南木林宗的达那寺的几位代表来到我家,...     

Regional demographic trends in France: an examination at the level of the "zones d'emploi"

"The paper studies the regional demographic trends in France from 1968 to 1990.... The study follows two main objectives: (1) Analysis of the main regional migration and population trends over the three census periods from 1968 to 1990. (2) Analysis of the growth trends of different types of regions on the basis of typifying the ?zones d'emploi' (labour market regions) according to economic criteria and settlement structure criteria. The large-scale patterns of the population and migration trends seem to be relatively stable in comparison to the massive change in the general economic and political framework in France and Western Europe.... The different region types, however, show more distinct changes." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE AND RUS)     

World population growth,family planning,and American foreign policy

The US decision since the 1960s to link foreign policy with family planning and population control is noteworthy for its intention to change the demographic structure of foreign countries and the magnitude of the initiative. The current population ideologies are part of the legacy of 19th century views on science, morality, and political economy. Strong constraints were placed on US foreign policy since World War II, particularly due to presumptions about the role of developing countries in Cold War ideology. Domestic debates revolved around issues of feminism, birth control, abortion, and family political issues. Since the 1960s, environmental degradation and resource depletion were an added global dimension of US population issues. Between 1935 and 1958 birth control movements evolved from the ideologies of utopian socialists, Malthusians, women's rights activists, civil libertarians, and advocates of sexual freedom. There was a shift from acceptance of birth control to questions about the role of national government in supporting distribution of birth control. Immediately postwar the debates over birth control were outside political circles. The concept of family planning as a middle class family issue shifted the focus from freeing women from the burdens of housework to making women more efficient housewives. Family planning could not be taken as a national policy concern without justification as a major issue, a link to national security, belief in the success of intervention, and a justifiable means of inclusion in public policy. US government involvement began with agricultural education, technological assistance, and economic development that would satisfy the world's growing population. Cold War politics forced population growth as an issue to be considered within the realm of foreign policy and diplomacy. US government sponsored family planning was enthusiastic during 1967-74 but restrained during the 1980s. The 1990s has been an era of redefinition of the issues and increased divisiveness among environmentalists, feminists, and population control advocates. The current justification of US population program assistance is based on concern for the health of women and children. Future changes will be dependent on ideology, theology, and political philosophy.     

关于阿穆尔河沿岸地区中世纪考古文化族属问题的探讨

在远东历史的诸问题中争论最激烈的是阿穆尔河(译者按:即黑龙江)中、下游沿岸地区中世纪部落的族属问题。在研究考古发掘出的8～13世纪的某些民族遗存时,中世纪史的史家们至今未能形成一致意见。 关于古代阿穆尔地区居民的族属问题,史家们虽依据同一个材料却得出完全相反的结论,甚至对一种考古文化,史家们也提出了不同的名称,如阿穆尔女真文化又称波克罗夫斯卡文化。 笔者认为:“考古学的主要任务是提供昔日人类活动的客观画卷,以及对人类历史(指考古文化)作出科学、准确的阐述。若考古学仅从形式上对考古文化进行判断,就意味着失去了科学的方法论,而停留在物质形     

二十世纪的历史科学——国际背景评述(续二)

d.法国:“年鉴派” 在本章中安排“年鉴派”并不是理所当然的事。科学概念和“年鉴派”历史学家的实践是多层次的。一方面他们赞同上述社会史学派关于科学方法与科学知识的可能性的观点,另一方面他们又与这些观点相对立。关于什么是历史以及谁创造历史。这一概念,——它曾以绝对的优势成为自兰克至今的历史科学的基础,——到他们这     

苏联文献中滨海边区渤海古迹的研究史

在部分滨海领土上渤海国的存在时期,是苏联远东历史上最有趣和最重要的时期之一。А·П·奥克拉德尼科夫、А·П·捷列文科、Э·В·沙夫库诺夫和Л·Е·谢米尼钦科的著作中,都披露了滨海地区渤海古迹的研究史。考古学家们还是在十月革命前就开始了对中世纪有考古价值的遗物的研究。第     

“鲁木”游戏

“鲁木”是在卫藏一带普遍玩耍的一种游戏,是用唱歌的形式进行探测心理的一种风趣的活动。这种游戏主要由青年男女参加,而已婚的男女,尤其是老年人,已不再参加这种游戏了。这是因为“鲁木”歌蕴含的内容仅仅是表达青年男女的爱情生活。它是以青年男女相互猜看谁有恋人,谁没有恋人;看对恋人所持的态度如何;看找对象的条件如何;还要看父母对青年男女的爱情生活有无干涉和阻止等为主要内容的。一般来     

哈达与哈达文化

哈达与哈达文化阿赛·旦珍才让“哈达”,藏语意为礼巾,是礼仪往来使用的丝织品。在藏区,献哈达是一种很普遍而崇高的礼节,凡觐见佛像、敬谒活佛、拜会尊长、迎送贵客、婚丧节庆都有献哈达的习惯。据史书载,哈达是由萨迎法王、元朝国师八思巴流传开来的。１２４７年八...