1994～1998年对滨海地区渤海遗存的考古学考察研究成果

到目前为止,在滨海边疆区地域内共发现了145处以上、时间在8～10世纪期间内的遗址,这个时间范围亦即是渤海国存在的时期.从(20世纪)90年代初开始就在属于渤海考古学遗存上进行了范围广泛的考古学考察.在1994年,国立远东大学的专家们与远东分院历史、考古、民族学研究所的考古学家们一起进行对渤海遗存的考察研究工作.韩国和日本的考古学家也参加了一些遗址的发掘.在滨海地区的南半部发掘了包括渤海时期在内的古城遗址、村落遗址、祭祀建筑等在内的遗迹,其中有克拉斯基诺、西涅里尼科沃、戈尔巴特卡、南乌苏里斯克、尼科拉耶夫卡、马里亚诺夫卡、阿乌罗夫卡古城遗址,康斯坦丁诺夫卡-1、阿布里科索沃村落遗址,以及科尔萨科夫卡、科佩京斯克和阿布里科索沃寺庙等祭祀遗址和克拉斯基诺、切尔尼亚京斯克古墓地.     

Fidelity and Sacrifice: The Gender Discourse of Traders in Pre- and Post-Opium War Canton

This article examines the discourse of two American couples in the China trade regarding fidelity and sacrifice during the period in which the spatial confines of the Canton system gave way to the intensified interactions of the Treaty Port era. Before the Opium War, when the Qing court had mandated that Western husbands conducting business in Canton live apart from their wives, marital tension was accentuated by the separation from absentee husbands. In the subsequent Treaty Port era, enhanced spatial mobility of the couples did not assuage their concerns. Instead, intensified cross-cultural encounters allowed them to project their feelings and expectations on the “foreign other” as racial categories developed and their imperial proclivities began to escalate. Bringing the Western women in contact with elite Chinese and other Western women only aggravated their agitation as they faced their Chinese counterparts, whom they readily construed as competitors. The socio-political and spatial reconfigurations provided new dimensions to the discourse of fidelity and sacrifice. The voices of the American couples recorded here are those of individuals, but the underlying anxiety they articulated represented the growing pains of more intimate Sino-Western encounters.     

中国旅游业更加可持续的发展:小步伐大策略

近年来,西方研究人员在撰写有关中国旅游的课题时,对可持续发展旅游业给予了特别的关注。"可持续发展旅游业"这一词可理解为为了达到社会文化、自然环境、以及旅游业经济增长这三点之间的和谐关系而努力发展的旅游业。本文回顾了全球各方力量对旅游业的塑造,并指出在创造积极的旅游前景时其可持续发展性所面临的挑战。对如何执行和研究可持续发展所采取的具体措施及对其的深度理解是当前研究的热点。通过五大路径,十种个人行为及四个组织模块建立可持续发展旅游业的主导思想。     

Civil-military tensions during the Kangxi emperor��s first southern tour

Starting with a court debate which broke out in the spring of 1684, this essay explores the multivalent symbolism of the Kangxi emperor’s first imperial tour to Shandong and Jiangsu provinces in the fall of 1684. Some courtiers advocated treating the Kangxi emperor’s touring activities as a rite of conquest, while others saw them as an exercise in sagely rule and benevolent civil governance. Here I suggest that this ritual controversy revealed a tension between civil and military values within the political culture of the Qing court. Furthermore, this ideological tension became most acute and apparent during the Kangxi emperor’s “eastern” and “southern” tours of 1684, when the imperial procession approached and crossed certain culturally and symbolically significant locations. As such, we are reminded that the legitimization of Qing rule was never fully complete, but was rather an open-ended and ongoing historical process.     

八、孔庙的发展与中华文化的传承

公元前478年,中国的文化巨人孔子盍然长逝.这位中华文化的集大成者、儒家学派的创始人,不仅对中国文化,而且对世界文化所作出的贡献是超时空的、是无国界的.……     

评价环境对石材风化的影响

１引言欧洲古建筑大部分位于地中海流域,由于人类的活动使这些建筑经受着严重的污染,暖气候促使光化学烟雾的形成,海洋盐的存在则加速了石材的风化。了解这些古建筑周围的大气质量是确定环境对建筑物危害以及保存好这些文物的第一步。Ｂａｒｉ教堂是罗马建筑的重要范例之一,它位于离海３００米的古城中心处。自十二世纪建成至今已历经数次修复。教堂用当地产石灰石（中等孔隙度其范围是１２％～２０％,小孔０．１～０．４μｍ）建成,教堂中的柱子采用低孔隙度（约５％）的大理石建造。石材的风化现象主要表现为以下形态：形成表面沉积…     

中国青铜技术研究回顾与展望

目前,中国青铜技术研究领域相当活跃,不断出现的考古新发现展示了过去一无所知的中国古代科技成就,亚洲各地及西方的最新研究又使人们对中国古代科技有了更深刻的认识。夏、商、周三代以及秦、汉两代的研究较为深入,汉之后的青铜技术研究看来还只是刚刚开始。     

环境变化对画布与颜料层之间相互作用的影响

本文运用双轴应力测试仪测定了单纯画布和带颜料层画布在同样环境温度、湿度变化下所产生的应力变化、这项测试为研究画布和颜料层之间的相互作用提供了第一手资料。通过比较实验发现,油画的开裂和老化主要由颜料层引起的,实验还证明：微小温度变化对油画应力变化具有显著影响以及环境相对湿度pH＞90％将严重威胁油画的保存。