Coital Experience Among Adolescents in Three Social-Educational Groups in Urban Chiang Mai, Thailand

This article compares coital experience of Chiang Mai 17-20-year-olds who were: (1) out-of-school; (2) studying at vocational schools; and (3) studying at general schools or university. Four-fifths, two-thirds and one-third, respectively, of males in these groups had had intercourse, compared to 53, 62 and 15 per cent of females. The gender difference for general school/university students, but not vocational school students, probably reflects HIV/AIDS refocusing male sexual initiation away from commercial sex workers. Vocational school females may have been disproportionately affected. Loss of virginity was associated, for both sexes, with social-educational background and lifestyle, and was less likely in certain minority ethnic groups. Among males, it was also associated with age and parental marital dissolution, and among females, with independent living and parental disharmony. Within social-educational groups, lifestyle variables dominated, but among general school/university students, parental marital dissolution (for males) and disharmony (for females) were also important, and Chinese ethnicity deterred male sexual experimentation.     

Military morality transformed: weapons and soldiers on the nineteenth-century battlefield

The increased lethality of nineteenth-century “arms of precision” caused military formations to disperse in combat, transforming the ordinary soldier from a near automaton, drilled to deliver random fire under close supervision, into a moral agent who exercised a degree of choice about where, when, and how to fire his weapon. The emerging autonomy of the soldier became a central theme in contemporary tactical debates, which struggled to reconcile the desire for discipline with the individual initiative necessary on the battlefield. This tactical conundrum offers revealing insights about human aggression and mass violence. Its dark legacy was the propagation of military values into civilian society, thus paving the way for the political soldiers of the twentieth century.     

清初的巴克什与满蒙关系

论文广泛引用满蒙汉文史料,考证清初的巴克什号是从蒙古导入的事实。清太祖、太宗时期的巴克什不仅承担着文书工作,还参与战事。当时,巴克什只是一般性名号。巴克什变成正式的官名,是从1615年开始的。太宗年间几次采取措施,改革巴克什制度,明确其职掌。在清初满蒙同盟关系的建立过程中,库尔禅、希福等巴克什以中间人的身份,起到了重要作用。     

The Hellenic and Hippocratic origins of the spinal terminology

Numerous Hellenic terms have been gradually adopted during the development of modern medical science. Moreover, there are a significant number of words that derive directly from the Hippocratic texts. Hippocrates (ca. 460-ca. 377 BC), revered as the father of medicine, and his followers left behind a valuable heritage of medical knowledge that, practically, laid the foundations of Western medicine. Their theories, collected in Corpus Hippocraticum, transformed medicine by adding, mainly, clinical observation and inductive reasoning as significant parts of medical diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, Hippocratic writings have provided an invaluable heritage of medical terms for all medical fields. The present article examines the Hellenic and Hippocratic terminology referring to the spine and how this vocabulary has influenced and dominated upon modern spinal onomatology.     

禁区捕狗人

在日本大熊町,动物救援工作者浅沼圭（戴棒球帽者）和星礼雄支起烧烤炉,用随风飘散的烤肉香气把狗群引来,以便他们捕捉。这里距福岛第一核电站不到5公里,事故发生后辐射水平骤升,人们举家逃离,宠物纷纷被遗忘在这里。但许多人在离去后十分想念自己的宠物伴侣,当他们得知这批人（其中包括摄影师戴维·古滕费尔德）打算进入禁区寻找动物。纷纷把自己原来的住址告诉救援人员,希望他们帮助自己找到遗失的宠物。     

萨拉乌苏河发现的人类膝关节病变古病例

桑志华1923年在萨拉乌苏河采集的人类股骨(PA62),外侧髁前上方存在明显由摩擦形成的象牙样光滑面,其面积约950平方毫米,纵向有1~1.5毫米深的两条沟槽,分别长为26毫米和32毫米,宽为6毫米和5毫米,光滑面边缘的骨质增生形成骨赘,这是膝关节炎病变的结果。这件股骨过去有人将它归属于化石"河套人",现在测定其年龄为200-300年,大致位于清代中期。在中国,目前未见更早时期人类膝关节炎病例的考古报道。     

怀念同行与朋友刘大年教授

1999年12月28日,在长期患病后,中国名历史学家、中国社会科学院近代史研究所名誉所长、俄罗斯科学院外籍院士刘大年教授的心脏在85岁的时候停止了跳动。     

从印度奔逃

一旦回到西方世界——回到那个只把“虚幻”看成抽象观念、而不把它当作一种蚀骨铭心的感受的西方文化中,我就发觉,印度精神悄悄地从我身边溜走了。在我的感觉中,它就像一个我永远无法完整表达、从此再也捕捉不回来的真理。     

Real wage rigidity in regional labor markets in the U.K., the U.S., and West Germany

"This paper examines the extent to which regional differences in wage rigidity exist and can help explain interregional differences in unemployment trends. Phillips-curve models of manufacturing wage inflation are estimated for the 10 largest states in the U.S., the 10 economic regions in the United Kingdom, and the 11 Lande in the Federal Republic of Germany over the 1971 to 1985 period. There is evidence of significant differences in the responsiveness of wage inflation to unemployment and the rate of change in consumer prices across the regions within each country and across the three nations."