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This paper uses data for intercity air-passenger travel to derive a set of general propulsion and attraction factors for twenty-five large U.S. cities. The paper develops a new way of examining the linkages between flows and nodal attraction. The technique is to assume that the flow data fit a simple gravity model, and then linear programming is used to maximize the consistency of the endogenous propulsion and attraction with the flow data. Various linear models are used to determine the pattern of urban attraction factors that are consistent with the gravitational flows. Linear programming as well as goal programming models are used to develop a set of analyses linking flows to urban hierarchies. Suggestions for further extensions of the method to address substantive issues of urban systems analysis are also provided. 相似文献
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Jianfa Shen 《Geografiska annaler. Series B, Human geography》2003,85(1):1-17
Cross-border flows of people, goods and capital are fundamental forces triggering spatial and economic transformations in any cross-border regional production system. This study focuses on such cross-border links between Hong Kong and mainland China in the context of cross-border regional production systems. The paper examines first the close demographic ties and investment and trading relations between Hong Kong and mainland China before 1997. In terms of total direct and indirect trading, and outward investment, Hong Kong was the largest partner of mainland China and vice versa. The recent development in the cross-border development between Hong Kong and the mainland after 1997 is also analyzed. The political change, the return of Hong Kong to China in 1997, did not alter the demographic-economic linkages significantly as such connections had been well established during the period 1978 to 1997 after China's opening to the outside world. Hong Kong and mainland China are two independent economic entities practicing ‘two systems’ of capitalism and socialism respectively. Contrary to common expectation, the new government in Hong Kong only played a limited role after 1997. However, a bottom-up approach has been working spontaneously and the local people and businessmen in Hong Kong have been the primary force in establishing strong relations with the mainland facilitated by the close demographic-cultural ties both before and after 1997. 相似文献
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第二轮修志与首轮修志不同,大多数地方采取了“修续志”的方式,即接续首轮社会主义新方志。文章拟以江苏、浙江、上海、安徽四省(直辖市)的旧志续志为研究对象,通过总结四地旧志续志的编修特点,对第二轮修志有所借鉴,进而探讨当前第二轮修志的编纂方法,包括修志方式、谋篇布局、对变化较小门类的记载、对新增或变化较快较大门类的记载、补遗、纠误等多个方面。通过借鉴旧志续志经验,为第二轮修志提供更多的理论依据和经验支持。 相似文献
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重新认识金融资本形成和资本输出的时间 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文批评了把商业资本主义、工业资本主义和金融资本主义作为资本主义发展循序渐进的三个阶段而不是资本主义三种形态的错误认识。通过翔实的经济史资料,本文说明随着欧洲大规模跨国商业和早期银行家的出现,金融资本和资本投资就随之出现。在近代资本主义的扩张中,资本输出很早就已开始,在英国,早在19世纪20年代,资本输出额就超过了商品输出额。 相似文献
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An innovative and practical technique for the seismic rehabilitation of beam-column joints using fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) is presented. The procedure is to upgrade the shear capacity of the joint and thus allow the ductile ftexural hinge to form in the beam. An experimental study is conducted in order to evaluate the performance of a full-scale reinforced concrete external beam-column joint from a moment resisting frame designed to earlier code then repaired using the proposed technique. The beam-column joint is tested under cyclic loading applied at the free end of the beam and axial column load. The suggested repair procedure was applied to the tested specimen. The composite laminate system proved to be effective in upgrading the shear capacity of the nonductile beam-column joint. Comparison between the behaviour of the specimen before and after the repair is presented. A design methodology for fibre jacketing to upgrade the shear capacity of existing beam-column joints in reinforced concrete moment resisting frames is proposed. 相似文献
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藏傳佛教曾在元朝宮廷廣爲流傳,《元史》等官修史書中的有關記載,源出自元末明初的一部野史《庚申外史》,明代的作家將這段已被小說化了的歷史進一步戲劇化和小說化,遂使藏傳佛教淪爲"淫戲"和"房中術"的代名詞。本文從文獻學的角度釐清漢文化傳統中有關元代宮廷所傳藏傳密法的記載從小說到歷史,再從歷史到小說的複雜演變過程,並利用西夏、元代所譯藏傳密教文獻研究元代藏傳佛教傳播史,從藏傳密教的語境中還原西番僧人於元廷所傳所謂"秘密大喜樂禪定"的真實面目和本來意義,顛覆其於漢文文學作品中被色情化了的負面形象,重建歷史的真實。 相似文献
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清华楚简"武王八年伐(旨耳)"刍议 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
众所周知,《尚书·西伯戡黎》是关于商亡前历史的一篇重要文献,记述了商末纣王与祖伊对于天命的讨论对答。事从周人征伐黎国事件 相似文献