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71.
72.
Wolfgang Loibl Johann Züger Mario K?stl 《Standort - Zeitschrift für angewandte Geographie》2009,17(2):94-100
Der letzte Bericht des Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007) erl?utert die weltweiten Auswirkungen des Klimawandels
deutlich – allerdings aus globaler Sicht. Um zu kl?ren wie sich das regionale Klima in ?sterreich ver?ndern wird, wurde mit
dem Projekt „reclip:more“ (Research for Climate Protection: Model Run Evaluation) eine erste kleinr?umige Datenbasis für Klimaschutz
und Klimafolgenforschung für ?sterreich generiert. Klimaszenarien wurden mittels regionaler Klimamodelle (RCMs) für die Alpen
als 10 × 10-Kilometer-Raster und mit anschlie?endem Downscaling für ?sterreich mit einer Zielaufl?sung 1 km entwickelt. Die
RCMs wurden mit ERA-40 Reanalyse-Daten der Vergangenheit und Daten eines Zukunftsszenarios des globalen Klimamodells (GCM)
ECHAM5 angetrieben, um retrospektive (1981 bis 1990) und künftige (2041 bis 2050) Klimadatens?tze für die Alpen zu berechnen
und M?glichkeiten und Unsicherheiten der Modelle und Downscaling-Methoden für die Alpen zu evaluieren. Die nun vorliegenden
Datens?tze und weitere, die im Folgeprojekt „reclip:century“ für alternative Treibhausgasszenarien bis 2100 berechnet werden,
dienen dazu als Basis für Aussagen über ?kologische und sozio?konomische Entwicklungen im Hinblick auf den Klimawandel. 相似文献
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Gloria Cuenca-Bescós Lawrence G. Straus Manuel R. González Morales Juan C. García Pimienta 《Journal of archaeological science》2009
El Mirón is a large cave in the Cantabrian Cordillera of northern Spain that presents a long archaeostratigraphic sequence radiocarbon-dated by over 60 assays to between 41,000 and 2000 BP. The sediments, collected from four areas within the cave and sieved-washed with fine wire meshes, contain microvertebrate remains of fish, frogs, lizards, birds and mammals, of which the latter are most abundant. Preliminary taphonomic analysis suggests that the microvertebrates were naturally collected by owls and (less) small carnivores. Small mammal assemblages are useful for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction because they are linked to particular habitats and are sensitive to environmental changes. The small mammals from El Mirón are ideal for this because sample sizes are large, bone preservation is good, and the stratigraphic sequence is long. In this paper we reconstruct the late Quaternary environments in the Cantabrian region of Spain using small-mammal assemblages from El Mirón Cave. On the basis of the ecologic adaptations of this suite of fauna, the majority still extant, we have identified seven habitat types, which are plotted through time. The evolution of the small mammal assemblages at El Mirón reveals seven major climatic shifts that correspond closely to the climatic changes recognized in the Iberian Peninsula during the last 41 kyr. 相似文献
75.
Yuichi Nakazawa Lawrence G. Straus Manuel R. González-Morales David Cuenca Solana Jorge Caro Saiz 《Journal of archaeological science》2009
Stone boiling is one of the principal cooking methods used by hunter-gatherer societies. The present paper proposes behavioral and organizational inferences as to how stone boiling was incorporated into hunter-gatherer subsistence practices through an examination of a shallow-basin hearth in an Early Magdalenian level (c. 15,500 14C B.P.) of El Mirón Cave, Cantabria (northern Spain). Exploratory analysis of spatial patterns of archaeological remains (bones, lithic artifacts, and fire-cracked rocks) and use-life analysis of fire-cracked rocks demonstrate that the hearth was used and maintained during visits of humans who preyed mainly on ibex and red deer near the site. The relative accessibility of these ungulates and cost-induced technology of stone boiling suggest the implication that stone boiling was employed to maximize the energy and nutrition obtained from carcasses of these game taxa under the circumstance of resource intensification. 相似文献
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Mexico’s Central Highlands form one of Mesoamerica’s fundamental cultural seams, a point of overlap between two traditions,
one to the east and the other to the west. Although this area is usually included in the west, it can be more productively
viewed as an interface, the physical space where people, goods, and ideas passed from one side to the other, and thus it holds
many keys for our understanding of emerging social complexity in Mesoamerica. In reviewing the last two decades of Formative
period (1500 BC–AD 100) research in this crucial territory, we focus on themes that reveal the variation and dynamism of interregional
interaction, including the formation of regional traditions, exchange systems, and foreign “influence,” and others that help
contextualize the events and processes of that time, like household studies and environmental degradation. We stress that
this part of Mexico is undergoing relentless development so time is of the essence if we are to broaden our perspectives on
social evolution in the Central Highlands. This issue cannot be resolved by rescue and salvage work because it requires long-term,
interdisciplinary projects to unravel multifaceted problems. 相似文献
80.
Dominik?Paw?owskiEmail author Marek?Kloss Milena?Obremska Mateusz?Szymanowski S?awomir??urek 《Geochronometria》2012,39(2):133-148
This paper demonstrates the results of analyses of Cladocera, pollen, plant macrofossil, lithological and radiocarbon data
recovered from a mire located in the Rawka River valley in central Poland. These studies permit to recognise the development
of hydrology phases in Kopanicha mire and give insight into Holocene fluvial dynamics of the system; radiocarbon dating partly
allowed da-ting of the patterns of Holocene valley floor development of the Rawka River. The Kopanicha mire was formed during
the Atlantic period. At that time, an oxbow lake formed, becoming a mire during the Subboreal and possibly Subatlantic periods.
The high sensitivity of the oxbow lakes, fens, fauna, and flora remains to climate variations - especially to changes in water
level connected with the ag-gradation-erosion cycle of rivers - allows the reconstruction of the palaeoecological changes
that oc-curred in the mire. The frequency and timing of hydroclimatic oscillations at Kopanicha show strong similarities to
records from other sites in Poland. Changes in Cladocera frequency and plant assem-blages were mostly influenced by the Rawka
River which controlled the hydrological regime of the mire. The main factors controlling the presence of Cladocera taxa were
the water level and the pres-ence of favourable conditions in the mire (e.g. pH, vegetation). Most of the changes occurred
in re-sponse to climate changes, but some of them were connected with local factors. 相似文献