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Lead and copper isotopes of Roman Imperial copper coins (denominations as and quadrans) were analysed by MC–ICP–MS. We concentrated on well‐dated coins minted at the official mint of Rome under the Emperors Augustus and Tiberius (between 16 bc and ad 37). The lead isotope results were compared with published lead isotope data of ore bodies from the Aegaean, Cyprus, Italy and Spain, in order to fingerprint the sources of Roman copper. During the Augustan period the main copper supply, as judged from the copper coins, is from Sardinia and south‐east Spain, with minor contributions from Tuscany. Except for Tuscany, this continued into the Tiberian period, when Cypriot copper also appears. Augustan quadrantes and late Tiberian asses came solely from the Rio Tinto area in south‐west Spain. Copper isotopes were applied here for the first time to systematic archaeometric studies. They are supplementary to lead isotopes and allow further grouping and classification of the copper coins. 相似文献
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Guillaume Guérin Emmanuel Discamps Christelle Lahaye Norbert Mercier Pierre Guibert Alain Turq Harold L. Dibble Shannon P. McPherron Dennis Sandgathe Paul Goldberg Mayank Jain Kristina Thomsen Marylène Patou-Mathis Jean-Christophe Castel Marie-Cécile Soulier 《Journal of archaeological science》2012
Roc de Marsal has yielded numerous remains of Mousterian occupations, including lithics, fauna and combustion features. It was made famous by the discovery of the skeleton of a Neanderthal child. Given the need to date the sequence, TL and OSL were applied on heated flints and quartz, and OSL on unheated quartz. Chronological results combined with palaeoenvironmental data – faunal remains and micromorphological features in the sediments from the cave, pollen proxies and faunal remains from the region – allowed us to place climate variations in southwest France on a numerical time scale. Denticulate Mousterian occupations were dated to the middle of MIS 4 (65–70 ka) and Quina layers either to the very end of MIS 4 or to MIS 3. Interestingly, a faunal pattern showing a mix of red deer, roe deer and reindeer was found to have occurred during MIS 4, which was shown to be consistent with data from other similar sites in southwest France. 相似文献
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Soodabeh Durali-Mueller Gerhard Peter Brey David Wigg-Wolf Yann Lahaye 《Journal of archaeological science》2007
High precision lead isotope analysis by Multi Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry was applied to the investigation of more than 240 Roman lead objects from several archaeological sites in Germany, in order to obtain information on the pattern of Roman mining activity and ore processing in the area. Measurements of ore samples from German deposits east (Siegerland, Lahn-Dill, Ems) and west of the Rhine (Eifel, Hunsrueck) were made and supplemented with data from literature to create a data bank of lead isotope ratios of European lead occurrences. Comparing the isotope ratios of lead objects with those from German ore deposits shows that the source of over 85% of the objects is Eifel ore deposits, but that, in the early years, the Romans also imported lead from the Southern Massif Central and later from Britain. 相似文献
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Sabine Klein Gerhard Peter Brey Soodabeh Durali-Müller Yann Lahaye 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2010,2(1):45-56
Copper isotopes can be successfully used to determine the origin of copper or bronze artefacts from either primary or supergene
sulphide or hydrocarbonate ores. In conjunction with lead isotopes, they provide information on the origin and type of the
metal ore. We demonstrate this in this paper from the combination of literature and own data on metal ores and artefacts (coins
and ingots). Low-temperature hydrocarbonates (esp. malachite and azurite) do not fractionate the copper isotopes amongst each
other and have identical lead isotopes. Substantial fractionation of copper isotopes, however, occurs between copper sulphides
and hydrocarbonates (malachite, azurite) such that the 65Cu isotope is always enriched in the oxidised relative to the sulphide phase with a clear distinction between the two ore
types. Expressed in the δ65Cu notation, we assigned supergene sulphides to values less than −0.4‰ down to negative values of −2‰ and more, primary sulphides
to a range between −0.4 and +0.3‰ and hydrocarbonates to positive values higher than +0.3‰. We have applied these boundaries
to copper coins and ingots from the time of the Roman emperors with known ages from Augustus up to 250 AD. The deposit fields
of the metal used for the production of the coins were previously identified from the lead isotope ratios to lie in the Southwest
and the Central South of Spain. From the combination of the lead and copper isotopes and the exact time constrains, we could
develop a picture of the change in mining activities in Spain involving continued mining sulphide ore deposits and, indicated
by positive δ65Cu values as proxies for malachite and azurite, the opening of new mines in various time slots. This first application shows
that copper isotopes will become the most important tool in archaeometallurgy to distinguish between the exploitation of deeper-seated
primary and supergene sulphide ores and shallower, secondary hydrocarbonate ores. This will become especially relevant for
archaeometric questions regarding the distinction between occasional and intentionally produced alloys. 相似文献
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Stéphane Gioanni Simone Roux Pierre Pellegrin Jean-Marc Rohrbasser Catherine Goldstein Nicolas Piqué Philippe Drieux Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent Edouard Mehl Monique Cottret Alain Firode Christelle Rabier Cédric Crémière François Laplanche 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》2000,121(1-2):174-213
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Christelle Lahaye Marion Hernandez Eric Boëda Gisele D. Felice Niède Guidon Sirlei Hoeltz Antoine Lourdeau Marina Pagli Anne-Marie Pessis Michel Rasse Sibeli Viana 《Journal of archaeological science》2013
When and how did the first human beings settle in the American continent? Numerous data, from archaeological researches as well as from palaeogenetics, anthropological and environmental studies, have led to partially contradictory interpretations in recent years, often because of the lack of a reliable chronological framework. The present study contributes to the establishment of such a framework using luminescence techniques to date a Brazilian archaeological site, the Toca da Tira Peia. It constitutes an exemplary case study: all our observations and measurements tend to prove the good integrity of the site and the anthropological nature of the artifacts and we are confident in the accuracy of the luminescence dating results. All these points underline the importance of the Toca da Tira Peia. The results bring new pieces of evidence of a human presence in the north-east of Brazil as early as 20,000 BC. The Toca da Tira Peia thus contributes to the rewriting of the history of the peopling of the American continent. 相似文献
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