史前漆膜的分析鉴定技术研究

研究了漆膜分析的三种主要方法：裂解质谱,红外光谱,裂解色谱。通过大量实验比较了各种方法的适应性和可靠性,建立了以裂解色谱／富里叶红外光谱联用技术来鉴定漆膜,并对影响裂解反应的因素及色借条件进行了深入的研究,获得了可以重复,具有特征性的漆膜高分辨裂解色谱图,同时对裂解色谱图中主要组分作了定性鉴定,提高了裂解色谱法分析漆膜的可靠性。该方法具有灵敏度高,样品用量小,共存杂质影响小,操作简便等优点。应用核分析技术对河姆渡,良诸庙前遗址出土的二件红色涂料样品进行了鉴定。分析结果证实了河姆渡出土的红色涂料木碗上的涂料是我国至今发现的最早的生漆漆膜。     

Political Commitment,Policy Ambiguity,and Corporate Environmental Practices

A lack of clear political commitment together with confusing rules and enforcement often characterize the institutional context of policy implementation and regulatory compliance in developing countries. By connecting such contextual features to existing models of policy implementation and regulatory compliance, we examine how regulatory factors are related to basic and proactive corporate environmental management practices in the Pearl River Delta region in China. Drawing on data derived from both a survey and in‐depth interviews, we show that a perception of clear political commitment to environmental protection across multiple government levels and units is positively associated with business efforts in basic environmental practices, regardless of the specific enforcement intensity. Nevertheless, a perception of clear political commitment is not related to proactive environmental practices. Conversely, a perception of policy ambiguity, in the form of confusing regulatory standards and enforcement, is negatively associated with corporate efforts in both basic and proactive environmental practices; yet, intensive inspections mitigate these negative associations with policy ambiguity.     

Former Nazi Officers in the Near East: German Military Advisors in Syria, 1949–56

In the early days of the Cold War, Syria was the first Arab country where former officers of the German Wehrmacht played an active role as military advisors. This was due, in part, to the fact that Germany was not burdened by its past political relations to Arab states for, in contrast to the Western powers, Germany which had never had territorial ambitions in the Near East. Even in the very early stages, German advisors contributed considerably to the development of Syria's armed forces and military intelligence. The advisory activities of German experts became even more intensive as a result of increased trade between the two countries; however, in 1956 the political situation in Syria worsened and the country began moving towards the Eastern Bloc putting an end to the non-official activities of German military advisors.     

桥头村制陶工艺调查报告

一、桥头村基本情况桥头村位于江西省中西部地区,与湖南的茶陵交界,隶属吉安市永新县才丰乡管辖。村庄离永新县城大概有七八里路程。村后有连绵的丘陵,丘陵后面紧接着与井冈山原始森林相毗连,森林资源丰富。村前是一块直径三华里左右的盆地,盆地四面环山,只有一条涧水从东面弯弯曲曲地流出去,1958年大跃进的时候才沿着涧水修了一条沙子路通向外面。村西不远的地方有一个中型规模水库——洞口水库,涧水从水库流出,环绕着村庄,滋润着土地,使当地不受水旱灾害影响。这里气候宜人,春秋两季短,夏冬两季长,日照充足,雨量丰沛,属亚热带湿润气候,农作物生长很快。     

三代传承 同宗异趣 吴伯滔、吴待秋、吴木翰墨因缘

历史悠久的中国画,以其独有的美学思想与风格体貌、自有的艺术规律与艺术特征,迥异于西方绘画。中国画以＂家学＂、＂师承＂为主要形式的传承体系,也颇具中国特色。综观中国绘画史,无论是开宗立派之大师,还是各流派中的大家、名家,无不得益于家学承继或名师授传。在不同的流派中,也多见亦父亦师、亦师亦友的结构关系。     

基于高光谱技术对一幅清代画信息提取研究

高光谱仪作为一种无损检测方法,其"图谱合一"的特性使很多在正射影像上无法区分的类别变得可分。因此,本研究以清代张士保《论道图》为例,利用高光谱相机采集影像,经过最小噪声分离变换、主成分变换、掩膜等处理对画作的墨线进行了提取,实现了图像增强效果,并且发现了两处人眼无法识别的隐含信息。图像增强及隐含信息的发现对书画鉴定、修复提供重要依据,并开拓了新视野。     

陶质彩绘文物保护材料有效寿命预测方法的探索性研究

文物保护材料有效寿命的预测是文博领域十分关注的科学问题。为此,本研究通过对仿真样品进行多组平行老化实验,借鉴动力学方法探究环境对纯丙(纯丙烯酸乳液)、硅丙(有机硅-丙烯酸乳液)及B72(Paraloid B72)等保护材料有效寿命的影响。实验包括三个部分内容:一、测量仿真样品上保护材料在不同老化条件下的接触角及色度变化,以表征其耐候性;二、测量紫外光照射时间不同保护材料的可逆率变化,以表征其耐光性;三、对三种材料做热重分析,并利用热动力学原理预测其热老化寿命。所得结果如下:一、通过对仿真样品的老化循环可以直观地表达三种保护材料的耐候性,发现与文物本体的"相容性"是三种材料失效的主要原因,在不同组的老化实验中,可以看出三种材料各有优劣;二、通过测量几种保护材料的"可逆率"发现,紫外光照射下纯丙、硅丙、B72均符合二级反应,可以此为依据通过计算的方法推测保护材料在紫外老化条件下的耐久性;三、通过数据可知,在稳定、低温环境下,高分子材料的耐久性均非常优异。随着环境温度升高,保护材料的有效寿命会明显缩短。本研究探索的结果,可为现阶段较常使用的文物保护材料的寿命预测提供一些思路。     

考古发掘与历史复原

20世纪50年代以来,考古学的归属问题时有纷争。有人把它纳入历史学,有人则把它归人人类学,有人说它是科学的一部分,还有人则说考古学就是考古学。但是无论如何,如果说考古学的主要目的之一是描述、解释和复原历史,争论的各派大概不会有多少疑义。     

广富林文化初论

1999年开始的上海广富林遗址的发掘,发现了新石器时代晚期一类新的文化遗存。这类遗存,在环太湖地区考古工作中是首次确认。当时为便于研究,我们将之暂时命名为“广富林遗存”,并发表了关于广富林遗存的初步认识譹。广富林遗存的发现为研究环太湖地区文明化进程提供了新的线索,填补了环太湖地区新石器时代末期考古学文化谱系的空白,材料一经公布即引起学术界广泛关注。之后,相邻的浙江、江苏等地的考古工作中也陆续发现了一批与广富林遗存相关的遗址。通过对广富林遗址连续几年有计划的发掘和其他地区考古工作的深入开展,我们对于广富林遗存…