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EMILY ROSE 《Parliamentary History》2008,27(2):175-197
The sudden cancellation of the Virginia lotteries during the first sitting of the parliament of 1621 was not part of a general parliamentary attack on monopolies but a calculated political act intended to pressure the Virginia Company of London to pay more taxes than required by its charter of 1612. The appropriate context for considering the cancellation is the financial difficulties of James I and the search for funds by Sir Lionel Cranfield. The cancellation coincided with a rejection of a new charter for the company, possibly incited by Count Gondomar, the Spanish ambassador in England. The cancellation of the lotteries was the most important turning point in the history of Jamestown and started the company on its downward spiral. 相似文献
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M. ALTAF ARAIN ROSE BLAIR† NORM FINKELSTEIN‡ JEFF BROOK§ MICHAEL JERRETT¶ 《The Canadian geographer》2009,53(2):165-190
The spatial and temporal variability of nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) concentrations and their relationships with meteorology was evaluated in the Toronto–Hamilton urban airshed. NO2 concentrations were highest in the early morning and late evening. Mean concentrations were highest in winter, although individual one-hour NO2 concentrations were found to be highest in summer. Wind direction was the strongest control on hourly NO2 concentration, and temperature and wind speed also had an effect. Our analysis of NO2 concentration variation by wind direction showed that areas downwind of major highways, urban centres and industry were exposed to higher pollutant concentrations. Seasonal patterns of NO2 concentration displayed significant spatial heterogeneity, in particular, in Toronto. Onshore winds sheltered coastal inhabitants from the full extent of NO2 exposure they would otherwise experience. Seasonal variations in meteorology and emissions mean that the degree of spatial variability in NO2 concentrations changes from season to season. This study will help to improve existing land-use regression-based NO2 prediction models by incorporating meteorological controls on NO2 distributions for health effect studies. 相似文献
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DAMARIS ROSE 《The Canadian geographer》2010,54(4):391-409
This invited essay responds to requests by the Suzanne Mackenzie Memorial Lecture Nominating Committee and by the former Editor of this journal to take stock of and provide intellectual‐historical context for the major preoccupations that characterized feminist urban geography in its early years, by means of a personalized reflection in light of the author's own positioning in those debates and interventions. The thread running through the article is that of the relationship between the ‘economic’ and the ‘social’ in urban geography. The last section briefly considers new challenges that neoliberalism poses for critical feminist urban geographies. 相似文献