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Alexis E. Dolphin Mathew A. Teeter Paul Szpak 《International Journal of Osteoarchaeology》2023,33(2):315-329
This research examines the diets and mobility of higher status individuals buried in the St. Mary's (Mariakirken) churchyard (1140 and 1248 AD), located in Bergen, Norway. Stable isotope data are used to explore the role that diets (preferential access, choice of foods) may have played in mitigating the negative impacts of rapid urbanization. Dietary reconstruction involved analysis of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope ratios from paired bone and tooth samples from St. Mary's individuals (N = 25). Oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) were derived from analyses of tooth enamel carbonate to comment on individuals' origins and mobility (N = 26). Individual δ13C and δ15N collagen values indicate that St. Mary's individuals consumed variable diets, with some relying on marine animal protein almost exclusively, while others primarily consumed C3 plants or animals that consumed C3 plants as the main source of their dietary protein. δ18O ratios showed that some individuals originated outside of Bergen. Thus, the stable isotope evidence (δ13C and δ15N) indicates that diets of St. Mary's individuals were more varied, and in some cases, relied primarily on imported trade goods such as grain/grain fed animals, and marine resources. This reinforces the view that St. Mary's represented an affluent segment of the growing Bergen population, and that its members were heavily involved in trade. Oxygen isotopes show that some individuals spent time living outside of Bergen during childhood. These data suggest that diets were more variable within the St. Mary's sample than at contemporary Norwegian sites, and that the process of urbanization did not impact the people of Bergen in a unified way. 相似文献
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Alexis Bergantz 《澳大利亚历史研究》2018,49(2):150-166
Between the 1860s and the early decades of the twentieth century, escaped and liberated French convicts from the penal colony in New Caledonia arrived on Australian shores, raising concerns about physical as well as moral contamination. This article combines Australian sources with French consular and ministerial archives to examine the impact this little-known episode of trans-imperial history had on the early Australian federal process. The arrival of the convicts and former convicts played on at least two levels. It highlighted the colonial authorities’ weak powers in asserting their territorial sovereignty and policies and pitted them against both Great Britain and the French. Further, the constant nudging of these unwelcome neighbours disrupted the ongoing disavowal of the colonies’ convict past. 相似文献
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Dirhams or medieval Islamic silver coins offer a unique and indispensable primary source for the study of many fundamental issues pertaining to Afro‐Eurasian history during the Middle Ages that cannot be studied using any other evidence. When found in hoards, or deposits of five or more dirhams, they are especially useful, since historical numismatists can study the profiles of the contents of the hoards to discern numerous questions. Thus, the 1656 hoards, containing almost half a million dirhams, recorded to date show that close to three quarters of them were deposited not in the Muslim world, but in northern Europe from c.800 to c.1100 and that they were brought there mostly via Russia. This finding brings many questions that need answering in the future. One of the key conclusions of the present study is that this silver gravitated to silver‐scarce northern Europe and was exchanged for items in great demand in the ‘House of Islam’– furs and slaves. 相似文献
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Alexis M. Jordan 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2016,23(3):870-899
At the site of Hillside Farm, Bryher, on the Isles of Scilly, a materially rich single Iron Age inhumation was discovered containing the unsexable fragmented remains of one adult with a number of high-quality metal grave goods including an iron sword with a bronze scabbard and a bronze mirror. Swords and mirrors have long been considered high-status, oppositionally gendered grave goods that crosscut regional divisions in the pre-Roman British Iron Age (c. 800 B.C.–A.D. 43). Their combined presence within the burial of a single individual represents a touchstone within the ongoing unraveling of a long-held, interconnected set of reified binary sex and gender assumptions that have permeated discussions of British Iron Age mortuary contexts. In better recognizing this web of “binary binds,” we can deconstruct the a priori, exclusionary, interconnected sex and gender assumptions that configure how we investigate the terms of engagement between materials and persons in these burial contexts. Crucial to this analysis is an approach to patterning that (1) does not begin with a search for sex and gender as evidence of male and female dichotomies, (2) sees the potentiality for any component of a mortuary assemblage to have multiple points of significance, and (3) embraces data ambiguity. Developing such critical approaches will ultimately contribute to the deployment of more inclusive forms of analysis that do not reify sex and gender as the primary organizing principles within mortuary contexts, aiding scholars in avoiding assumptions that bind sex and gender analyses into artificially binary paradigms. 相似文献
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Tobias Richter Emmy Bocaege Peter Ilsøe Anthony Ruter Alexis Pantos Patrick Pedersen 《Journal of Field Archaeology》2013,38(7):440-457
The appearance of rich and diverse funerary practices is one of the hallmarks of the Late Epipalaeolithic Natufian in the Levant. Numerous burials at a number of sites excavated mostly in the Mediterranean zone of the southern Levant have fed into the interpretation of the Natufian as a sedentary society of complex hunter-gatherers. Here, we report on the human remains recovered from Shubayqa 1, a well-dated early to late Natufian site in northeast Jordan. The majority of the minimum of 23 individuals that are represented are perinates and infants, which represents an atypical population profile. Ground stone artifacts and traces of colorants are associated with some of these individuals, providing a rare insight into funerary treatment of subadults in Natufian contexts. We interpret the Shubayqa 1 evidence in the light of current and ongoing debates concerning Natufian burial practices and the issue of social complexity. 相似文献
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Indo-Iranian Journal - 相似文献