Population studies

A number of studies have been published about the population change in New Zealand between 1936 and 1986. During this time an intellectual and demographic revolution also took place simultaneously. From 1961 and 1986 the population increased from 2.4 million to 3.3 million mainly because of Polynesian immigration, and the elderly and females also increased. The Maoris became urban. Mortality stayed stable, but fertility declined to below replacement level in the 1980's. Murray Wilson (1988) analyzed the relationship of fertility and mortality in terms of a post-transitional (developed) society like Australia or the European norm of a 2-children family. In his view the youth culture, television, and female aspirations greatly influenced childrearing. Daniel Noin (1988) examined the current state of geographical research on mortality from a methodological point of view finding wide differences in mortality in Quebec, Brussels, Paris, and London attributable to culture. Mosley and Chen (1984) argued that social, cultural, and economic factors to mortality are mediated by individual, household, and community variables. Jones and Moon (1987) dealt with medical geography in the context of the consumption of health care and disease ecology. Momsen and Townsend (1987) addressed the role of women in developing countries stating that gender is socially created and it examined the worldwide subordination of women. In the 1980's a host of other authors have also touched on the subject of the demography of gender analyzing discrimination against female children, unmarried American women, and single parent families. Yet Fahey (1988) stated that gender was only regarded relevant by Australian geographers as a demographic variable.     

农业生产的管理

党和政府在巩固集体农庄和国营农场的物质技术基础的同时,十分重视完善农业生产的管理以及农业的专业化和集中化。跨部门的合作和农工一体化为集体农庄、国营农场参加合作的加工企业更充分利用专业化生产的优越性创造了客观的条件。现在跨部门合作包括农庄和农场生产农产品的企业有:种子业、饲料生产、幼畜和奶牛饲养、建筑、机械化、土壤改良、农业化学服务和社会生活服务方面的企业。各种跨部门的农工企业和联合公司的数量在1981年初为13,200个,即近五年来增加了50%。现有96%的集体农庄和2/3以上的国营农场参加了各种各样的合作。在农产品的     

对杨奎松教授关于《毛泽东传》书评的回应北大核心CSSCI

在杨奎松教授对我的《毛泽东传》的评论中有明显的缺点。可以将杨教授声称在我的书中文版书中发现的"错误"大致归为三类。首先,我的中文版本译者的翻译错误。我没有充分的时间检查全部中文翻译的质量。这是出版社的责任。第二,所谓的"错误"造成的事实,其实是杨教授误解了我的话,并把我没有说过的话归在我的身上。第三,所谓的"错误"造成的事实,归根结底是因为杨教授不了解我使用的资料的来源。     

电子政务与网络民主——网络时代的法治之路

网络日益成为社会生活中不可或缺的一部分,也成为重要的法治建设途径:它使政府走上了信息公开、便民利民的电子政务之路,也给普通公民提供了更为广阔的政治参与和民主监督的平台。当今世界各国都高度重视两者的发展建设,我们也应当继续弘扬电子政务与网络民主,走网络时代的新型法治建设之路。     

Coital Experience Among Adolescents in Three Social-Educational Groups in Urban Chiang Mai, Thailand

This article compares coital experience of Chiang Mai 17-20-year-olds who were: (1) out-of-school; (2) studying at vocational schools; and (3) studying at general schools or university. Four-fifths, two-thirds and one-third, respectively, of males in these groups had had intercourse, compared to 53, 62 and 15 per cent of females. The gender difference for general school/university students, but not vocational school students, probably reflects HIV/AIDS refocusing male sexual initiation away from commercial sex workers. Vocational school females may have been disproportionately affected. Loss of virginity was associated, for both sexes, with social-educational background and lifestyle, and was less likely in certain minority ethnic groups. Among males, it was also associated with age and parental marital dissolution, and among females, with independent living and parental disharmony. Within social-educational groups, lifestyle variables dominated, but among general school/university students, parental marital dissolution (for males) and disharmony (for females) were also important, and Chinese ethnicity deterred male sexual experimentation.     

图坦卡门

他死时年仅十几岁,是一个强大家族的最后继承人。这一家族统治埃及及其帝国长达数百年。他被葬入墓中,并最终被人遗忘。自从1922年他的陵寝被人发现后,世人一直在猜测他究竟遭遇了什么,其中最极端的猜测认为他是被人谋杀。在被发现80多年后,他第一次离开墓室．接受了CT扫描(上)。这为人们揣测他的生前诸事提供了新的线索．也为描绘这位少年法老的准确法医学复原图(右)提供了精确的资料。     

An Antelope of Fashion

I first encountered chiru during a wildlife survey in Qinghai in 1985.At that time,I was only aware that they lived on the high Tibetan Plateau,most of them between 4300-5000m in elevation and that they were confined to China,except for a few that strayed into India.     

国民政府在大陆执政时期警察组织制度考略

警察是维护统治秩序和社会治安的国家机器,也是统治阶级进行阶级压迫和专政的工具。国民党政府自1927年至1949年在中国大陆执政的22年里,利用警察对付中国共产党及其领导的进步力量,排斥异己,镇压人民反抗,使其成为维持黑暗统治的工具。这一时期国民党政府的警察组织制度,既有浓厚的半殖民地半封建色彩,又有法西斯化倾向。1911年孙中山领导的辛亥革命推翻了清王朝的封建统治,建立了中华民国南京临时政府,全国各地的警察组织也随着地方政权依附临时政府。因南京临时政府实际上未能控制全国局面,不少省区乃系军阀割据,各地警察组织主要听命于地方政权。在帝国主义列强和军阀、封建主义的压力下,临时政府内部涣散无力危机四起,不到3个月的时间,其政权落入袁