试论民间文学格局下的起源神话类型

民间文学研究工作中,学者多将神话纳入研究范围。有关其定义众说纷纭,正确理解何谓神话,充分了解神话的类型、特征、内容、流布方式,有助于研学人员树立科学全面的神话学以及民间文学研究观。将神话这一独特支流脉络清晰地区别于民间传说、民间故事、民间歌谣、民间戏曲等异彩纷呈的民间文学事象,将极大促进民间文学格局的充扩,以及神话学自身研究的深入。起源神话作为神话学领域的重要组成部分,对其分析直接影响神话学理论框架的建构。本文将试图在民间文学格局下对各类型起源神话做出分析。     

中国神话学五十年

1958年召开的民间文学工作大会,制定了全面搜集民间文学作品的大计方针,自然包括神话搜集。一直到1966年,可说是神话基础工程的起步阶段。1979年以后,特别是三套集成工作上马以后,故事卷的工     

鄂温克族民间文学简述

鄂温克族虽然没有自己的文字,但创作了许多民间口头文学,使本民族长年积累的生产和生活经验得以世代相传。鄂温克族民间文学主要有传说、神话、故事、歌谣和谜语等。     

古远而丰厚的沉淀--试论几组黎族神话和神奇故事的文化意蕴

在漫长的历史进程中,黎族人民创造了绚丽多彩的民间文学。这些民间口传作品蕴涵着黎族社会历史发展过程中所形成的丰厚的文化积淀。本文试通过几组类型化的黎族民间文学作品的分析论述,探讨其中的文化意蕴。     

想象构筑的土族民间生活画卷

在长期的生产和生活中,土族人民创造了丰富多彩的民间文学,并不断吸收其他民族民间文学长处,逐渐形成了本民族的独特风格。就内容和体裁而言,大致可分为神话、传说、童话、寓言、民歌、叙事诗、歌谣、谚语等。由于过去土族只有语言而没有文字,民间文学以口头流传的形式代代相传,加以保存。     

俄罗斯神话中的典型形象分析

神话产生于人类远古时代。作为民间文学的源头之一,有力地证明了劳动人民从来就是精神文明的创造者,也揭示了民间文学从一开始就与人民的生活和历史有着密切的联系。俄罗斯神话故事是俄罗斯文学的重要组成部分,在俄罗斯文学中占据重要地位。本文致力于分析俄罗斯神话中的典型形象,尝试总结典型形象在神话中所起的作用,并浅析中国古代神话与西方神话的区别。本文对俄罗斯神话的形象及中俄神话区别的研究,对于分析俄罗斯人的文化心理和中西文化的不同具有借鉴意义。     

周作人的神话研究

周作人是中国民间文艺学和民俗学最早的奠基者和理论家之一,也是中国系统介绍国外神话理论的第一人。他一生对神话饶有兴趣,扼要而全面地介绍了西方主要神话理论流派,评点其优势与不足,并运用古典进化论、心理学等理论研究神话,提出了广义童话是神话之源等新颖而深刻的观点,并对神话的性质和内涵做了重新思考。梳理周作人的神话研究,不仅是对中国民间文学学术史的必要回顾,对当下的神话研究亦具有启发意义。     

民间文学的学科自觉与规范化追求读吕微《神话何为》——读吕微《神话何为》

在刚刚过去的20世纪,神话堪称是民间文学各种体裁中被研究得最充分的一种,所取得的成绩也十分骄人。要在这样一个领域里取得实质性的研究进展,绝非易事。在我看来,简单的出新并不难,真正难的是在总结前人研究经验和反思学科基本观念或方法的基础上,弄清楚应该在哪些环节上用力才能真正把学科推动向前。吕微的《神话何为》正是在前人止步的地方迈开了研究的步伐,在神话学研究上取得了突破性的成果,成为近年来不可多得的一部佳作。该书研究的神话传承与阐释的问题,前人涉及不多,尤其是中国神话在后来演变和发展的历史详情还没有得到学术上的洞     

书评 民间珍宝的拾荒者

智者周游列国所收集的,撒在大地的穷人的珍宝,那些以低声耳语传播的,比富人的金卷更为奇妙。这诗本为西藏现代史上著名奇憎更敦群培所作,从中传达出此人足迹遍布喜马拉雅南北诸国,沿途收集思想、语言和古今传奇时的欣喜与感慨。多年前乍读此篇曾会心一笑,脑海中随即铺展开的却是西藏的山川大地,其间蓬勃丛生的民间文学的花与叶。     

20世纪二三十年代民间文学类课程设置探析

20世纪二三十年代,民间文学受文学革命影响而蓬勃发展,积极承担启蒙使命,成为学界关注的焦点,多所大学开设了民间文学类课程。这些课程真实地反映了民间文学教育在其草创之初的积极探索状态,彰显了民间文学多重的价值和强大的影响。挖掘这一时期民间文学类课程史料,总结民间文学教育的发展特点,评价其所取得的成就并探索深层原因,这对于在新时代积极推进民间文学类课程健康发展,更好地发挥高校民间文学教育优势,推动民间文学发扬光大,具有重要意义。     

Train Ready to Climb to Lhasa

On July 1, express trains starting from Beijing and other cities will pass through Xining and Golmud and finally reach Lhasa. On that date, Tibet＇s long history of having no access to railway transportation will come to an end.     

Rom to Rom/Rom to Gaje

Rena C. Gropper. Gypsies in the City. Princeton: The Darwin Press, 1975. xi + 235 pp. Tables, figures, maps, illustrations, appendix, glossary, bibliography and index. $9.95

Farnham Rehfisch, ed. Gypsies, Tinkers and Other Travellers. London and New York: Academic Press, 1975. x + 303 pp. Figures, tables, glossary and index. $15.25.

Anne Sutherland. Gypsies: The Hidden Americans. New York: The Free Press, 1975. x + 330 pp. Tables, figures, appendices, glossary, bibliography and indices. $13.95.     

注重继承努力创新--读《惠州志·艺文卷》

首轮新方志的编修出版,在广东省乃至全国已接近尾声.首轮志书设艺文志的极少,造成这种情况的原因,固然有首轮志书编修过程中对人文重视不够的氛围,更有着面对汗牛充栋的古代的乃至当代的著述,如何选择记载的难题.于是,付之阙如不失为权宜之计,但因此也就使首轮修志留下了一个普遍的遗憾.近日,<惠州志*艺文卷>一卷付梓惠州市惠城区地方志编纂委员会编,邹永祥、吴定球编纂:<惠州志*艺文卷>,中华书局2004年版.,笔者阅后感到耳目一新.     

Algonquin Revisited: Biography to Hagiography to Label

Entitled “Canada and the United States: Principles for Partnership” and prepared at the behest of American President Lyndon Johnson and Canadian Prime Minister Lester Pearson, the so-called Merchant–Heeney report set out a series of guiding principles for the smooth conduct of bilateral relations. Drawing on their vast experience at managing this relationship, Arnold Heeney and Livingston Merchant, two former ambassadors, devised their guidebook by tracing the nature of Canada–US relations, examining areas where problems commonly arose, and offering suggestions towards building a more successful partnership. “Principles for Partnership” may have been their swansong but it was not Merchant and Heeney's sole statement on the Canadian–American relationship. Drawing on speeches, memoranda, and diplomatic cables, this article shows how Merchant and Heeney each conceived of the partnership between their two countries and how they viewed the influence of factors such as Canadian nationalism and the United States' preponderant power.     

志于道 据于德 依于仁 游于艺

志于道、据于德、依于仁、游于艺是古人圣贤对一个有着整全修养的日常生活比较全面的概括.志于道是向远处的企望引导,志于天道,使生活有超出日常繁琐事务的眼界;据于德是向近处的落实出发,据于人道,修行以达远方;依于仁是友人互相讲习促进,以明道修德;游于艺则是在六艺的领域中悠游自乐,在优游涵泳中成德达道.这些思想在中国的绘画、书法中也有充分的体现.     

Obstacles to women's progress to be addressed in Beijing

Speakers at the Third Social, Humanitarian, and Cultural Committee Assembly held in December 1994 maintained that power sharing between women and men is still intolerably low and that economic hardship, abuse, and discrimination remain. One speaker announced that society needs to do more to challenge obstacles to women's advancement: poverty, violence, access to resources, women's rights, education, and health. She asserted that, for this reason, the Fourth World Conference on Women scheduled for September 1995 in Beijing must succeed. Discussions and action at the December assembly will constitute a major part of the groundwork for the Beijing Conference. The Committee debate centered on the advancement of women as a cause and effect of development. The 1994 World Survey on the Role of Women in Development shows that economic development may be complexly connected with advancement of women. In societies where women have progressed, the economy tends to grow steadily, while, in societies where women cannot fully participate in development, the economy is stagnant. The Assembly called on the Commission on the Status of Women to ensure that the Platform for Action recognize and incorporate older women's concerns and contributions to development into its strategies, programs, and policies. It also called for countries to protect women migrant workers from violence and corrupt recruitment practices. It condemned the illegal trafficking of women and girls across borders for sexual or economic oppressive and exploitative purposes and for other illegal activities (forced domestic labor, false marriages, clandestine employment, and false adoption).