Recent Hydrological Changes in the Avoca River Catchment,Victoria

Since the early 1970s the Avoca River catchment has experienced a marked increase in all discharges, particularly high magnitude ones. This results from a change in the rainfall/runoff relationship, which is probably due to rising groundwater tables. Since 1973 the frequency of flooding in the lower Avoca, Loddon and Avon-Richardson catchments has increased markedly, placing pressure on downstream flood mitigation and irrigation works, as well as contributing to the degradation of environmentally sensitive wetlands. It also has the potential to exacerbate rising groundwater/salinity problems of the lower catchments. Human interference and changes in the rainfall regime are assessed to explain the nature of the apparent change in streamflows of the Avoca River catchment.     

Illustrations of the History of Knitting Selected from the Collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum

Abstract

Based on new archival findings, this essay maps the life and business strategies of Brussels tapissiers Albert Auwercx and Judocus de Vos. It shows that categorising Auwerxc as a minor tapissier — a label he was assigned in the past — ignores the underlying structure and dynamics of the industry. Brussels tapissiers created an intricate web of social networks that generated trust, which paved the way for semi-structured and flexible cooperation between small firms. Judocus de Vos also belonged to the Brussels social and production networks but made his name as a commercial link and broker between Brussels, the Antwerp-Oudenarde production and trading complex, and the European élite — particularly after 1719 when he handed over the reins and assets of the De Vos workshop to his brother Jan-Frans.     

The Oral Tradition,Environmental Change and River Basin Management: Case Studies from Queensland and Victoria

River basin management activities are often carried out in the context of real or perceived environmental change. Views of environmental change provided by the oral tradition are compared with histories of change reconstructed from the historical documentary record for the Nogoa River, Queensland, and the Avon River, Victoria. Quite different perspectives on the nature and causes of river channel change are provided by the two types of sources. River basin managers appear to have generally adopted the views provided by the more easily accessible oral tradition, leading to management strategies that are not necessarily justifiable in the light of the documentary history.     

Hydrogeomorphic Effects of River Training Works: the Case of the Allyn River,NSW

Since 1955 the NSW Department of Water Resources has undertaken extensive river training works on many NSW streams. In the Hunter Valley alone over $23 million have been spent and more than 850 km of channel have been treated Published work suggests that river training works are usually undertaken in response to a pre-existing problem of river instability but can also induce adverse hydrogeomorphic effects. One of the treated streams, the Allyn River, had been supposedly degraded by the constructed works. It was alleged that vegetation clearing, channel excavations, alignment straightening and bank protection works had decreased roughness thus increasing velocity and flood frequency. As a result, what were thought to be relatively moderate floods were eroding the banks and destroying the floodplain. A critical evaluation of the available hydraulic, hydrologic and geomorphic data revealed that the river training works were a response to, rather than a cause of river instability.     

官渡古镇 繁华都市边一条宁静的历史长河

正官渡,一条始建于战国,历经秦、汉等朝代,至今依旧徜徉的历史长河,静静流淌在昆明东南之郊。伴随着历史的潮起潮落,官渡古镇历经千年积淀,闪耀着璀璨的文化之光,成为饱含经济、政治、文化、历史等丰富内涵的文史旅游重镇,集聚历史文化的活动博物馆,科学研究的瑰宝库。     

官渡古镇 繁华都市边一条宁静的历史长河

<正>官渡,一条始建于战国,历经秦、汉等朝代,至今依旧徜徉的历史长河,静静流淌在昆明东南之郊。伴随着历史的潮起潮落,官渡古镇历经千年积淀,闪耀着璀璨的文化之光,成为饱含经济、政治、文化、历史等丰富内涵的文史旅游重镇,集聚历史文化的活动博物馆,科学研究的瑰宝库。     

Tree Densities Last Century on the Lowland Gippsland Plain,Victoria

Tree densities in the mid 1800s were calculated for 16 areas on the lowland Gippsland plain, Victoria, using data on historical maps. The plotless, closest individual method was used on map data, which listed the distance and compass bearings of trees from allotment corners. Densities ranged from 2 to 59 trees per hectare, with most estimates below 30 trees per hectare. Sparsest trees were in and near areas mapped as ‘open plains’ and the densest tree cover was on seasonally flooded river flats. Whilst it seems prudent to treat such figures as indicative rather than precise, this simple method holds considerable promise for obtaining quantitative estimates of tree densities before widespread clearing.     

History,Geomorphological Problems and Effects of Dredging in Cleveland Bay,Queensland

The history of dredging is examined for Cleveland Bay, 1883–1988, as the port of Townsville developed. Between 1883 and 1964 only intermittent data exist on localities, depths and quantities dredged but later much more detailed records are available for analysis. Geomorphological problems emerged and are considered with particular reference to material forming the seabed, the sediment yield from the coastal catchments and its seasonally and annually irregular delivery to the coast by the rivers, and sediment movement within the bay in response to wind, wave and tidal processes. Analysis of aerial photographs, 1941–1988, has enabled some dredging effects to be studied, especially relating to localised land reclamation and more widespread probable effects on seagrass beds and mangroves.     

Renovating the Landscape and Packaging the Penguin: Culture and Nature on Summerland Peninsula,Phillip Island,Victoria, Australia

Changes in settler impacts on Summerland Peninsula, Phillip Island are examined, with an emphasis on the recent program of environmental restoration associated with the Penguin Parade, one of Victoria’s largest tourist attractions. Management strategies construct nature around an ideal of human absence, expressed in, for example, removal of residents and residential buildings; representations of the Aboriginal presence as both prehistoric and part of nature; and formalised rather than experiential environmental education. Paradoxically this encourages intensified tourism and its associated impacts, such that the economics of environmental preservation are dependent on its commodification. This paper draws on two traditions of cultural geography, with components undertaken more than 20 years apart. I argue that a combination of Sauerian and deconstructive approaches can be productively applied to many current environmental issues.     

Oligocene-Miocene calcareous nannofossils from the Torquay Basin,Victoria, Australia

Oligocene-Miocene rocks of the Torquay Basin contain at least 55 different species of calcareous nannofossils. These species allow zonation of an offshore subsurface section (Nerita No. 1 Well) and two onshore sections (near Torquay). The Angahook Formation and the base of the Jan Juc Formation in the Nerita No. 1 Well belong to Martini's (1971) NP 22 calcareous nannofossil Zone (early Oligocene). The NP 23 Zone could not be identified with certainty, but Zones NP 24/25 (late Oligocene) to NN 2 (early Miocene) were recognized in the Jan Juc Formation. The Oligocene-Miocene boundary is present between 122 m and 135 m below the sea floor at this site. The Puebla Formation, exposed at the sea floor, contains NN 5 spanning the early-middle Miocene boundary.

Onshore along the Torquay coast, NP 24/25 (late Oligocene) is present in the Angahook Formation; the Jan Juc Formation at Bird Rock also contains NP 24/25, except the uppermost 2.5 m which belongs to NN 1. The NN 2 Zone begins at the contact between the Jan Juc and Puebla Formations and continues upward for at least 3 m. After a covered interval, NN 4 was identified 10 m above the contact. The Oligocene-Miocene boundary is placed at the base of the hard band capping Bird Rock in the type section of the Jan Juc Formation.

Nannofossil assemblages in the Torquay sections suggest deposition in cool, shallow continental shelf waters. The assemblages in Nerita No. 1 Well also suggest cool shelf waters, although deeper than at Torquay.     

History,Hitler, and the Holocaust

EBERHARD JACKEL. Hitler in History. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1984. Pp. 115; GERALD FLEMINO. Hitler and the Final Solution. Berkeley, Cal.: University of California Press, 1984. Pp. 219; MALCOLM c. MACPHERSON. The Blood of His Servants. New York: The New York Times Book Co., Inc., 1984. Pp. 310; ISABELLA LEITNER. Fragments of Isabella: A Memoir of Auschwitz. New York: Cowell Publishers, 1978. Pp. 112; JAMES BENTLEY. Martin Niemöller 1891–1984. New York: Free Press, 1984. Pp. 253; SAUL s. FRIEDMAN. The Oberammergau Passion Play: A Lance Against Civilization. Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1984. Pp. 270; DAVID s. WYMAN. The Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust 1941–1945. New York: Pantheon Books, 1984. Pp. 445; WALTER N. BANNING. The Dissolution of Eastern European Jewry. Torrance, Cal.: Institute for Historical Review, 1983. Pp. 239.     

新文化史、微观史和大众文化史——西方有关成果及其对中国史研究的影响

西方史学界正在发生着一个转向,新文化史、微观史、大众文化史研究的发展便是这个转向的重要标志之一.这个演讲将就这个转向的重要成果进行简要的介绍,并评述其对中国史研究的影响.演讲分四个部分,首先介绍西方新文化史和微观史学;然后概述中国史研究的有关成果;第三部分以我自己最近的研究课题为例,来看目前西方史学的这个新趋势对我自己学术发展的影响;最后,我还将就新文化史、微观史、大众文化史研究与中国史研究的若干问题提出我的一些思考.     

萨拉乌苏河旧石器时代考古史(下)

萨拉乌苏河旧石器是中国旧石器时代考古序幕的重头戏,“河套人”与“北京人”和“山顶洞人”及其文化曾经以“三步曲”长期掌控中国旧石器时代考古舞台。萨拉乌苏河的旧石器时代考古历经将近一个世纪,地层和古人类学等方面有了较大发展,然而旧石器时代考古研究却进展甚微,特别是有关考古术语的畸形演化,突显出中国旧石器时代考古不甚严肃的科学作风。本文对这一历程的充实期和综合科学研究期(20世纪50年代至今)作了回顾性研究。     

萨拉乌苏河旧石器时代考古史(上)

萨拉乌苏河旧石器是中国旧石器时代考古序幕的重头戏,“河套人”与“北京人”和“山顶洞人”及其文化曾经以“三步曲”长期掌控中国旧石器时代考古舞台。萨拉乌苏河的旧石器时代考古历经将近一个世纪,地层和古人类学等方面有了较大发展,然而旧石器时代考古研究却进展甚微,特别是有关考古术语的畸形演化,突显出中国旧石器时代考古不甚严肃的科学作风。本文对这一历程的开拓期和稳固期(19世纪末至20世纪50年代)作了回顾性研究。