《太常因革礼》与北宋中期的礼书编纂

《太常因革礼》是北宋中期最重要的礼仪典籍,它的编纂成书是当时礼司编纂礼文故事以备检讨这一特点趋势的直接反映,同时其书的编纂又推动了宋代朝廷礼书编纂的进一步发展。《太常因革礼》开创了"因革礼"的礼书编纂体例,不仅影响到了北宋中期的礼书修纂,更被北宋后期乃至南宋时期所沿袭。     

汉画像石所见周礼遗俗

本文结合文献资料,具体考释了汉代画像石中的"孔子见老子"、"胡汉战争"、"投壶"等画像,认为这些画像所反映的献挚礼、献俘礼、投壶礼皆为周代遗俗.     

文中子《礼论》考

<礼论>乃穷理尽性、知命之书,文中子的家学溯源中,礼学又是传承有自,文中子所作<续六经>之一的<礼论>,也是他振兴儒学很重要的部分.<礼论>比较系统地表述了文中子的礼学思想,其书已佚,但从传世<中说>可考知其略.     

五代祀天祭祖礼考述

礼制是社会、文化、政治、制度、经济等等诸多方面的结合点,祀天祭祖礼作为吉礼的重要组成部分,是表明权力来源合法化的主要标志。五代吉礼特别是祀天祭祖礼在乱世中得到了某种程度上更多更好的施行,传世的材料也相对多一些,却似乎没有得到更多的重视。本文在广泛收集相关史料的基础上,考察了五代时期祀天祭祖礼的基本情况,分为昊天上帝和祖宗两个部分进行了排比分析,在一定程度上恢复了五代祀天祭祖礼的基本面貌。     

乾嘉“三礼”研究兴盛论

乾嘉礼学在清代学术史上蔚为大观,形成了不同于往史的特色,其原因在于:一是乾嘉宋学(理学)和汉学两大学术潮流对整个礼经学研究产生了推动作用;二是乾嘉学者以“礼”分析、批判和革新理学之“理”的意义,促发了学术界议礼潮流的兴起;三是乾嘉两朝承续康熙朝,实施礼制改革,强化朝礼建设,这在某种意义上为推动礼学研究的深入发展注入了新的活力。乾嘉礼学由博而精,专家绝学,并时而兴,基本特色在于三个方面,即:礼学注重经世,考据之风大行于新学与复兴的古学之间;礼经兼重义疏与通礼,且义疏于通礼既精且博;礼制典则的制作不仅精致,而且繁复。乾嘉汉学的求是研究法由礼经学扩大到多领域的研究,为后来洋务运动的展开以及科学救国等实学思潮的出现奠定了思维和心理基础。     

论《开元礼》对郑玄和王肃礼学的择从

中国古代礼学中的两大主要流派———郑学和王学之争 ,是历代制礼作乐时都无法回避的焦点问题。若选取《开元礼》中庙数、郊祀、丧服、婚龄等几个侧面 ,分别按照郑义和王义加以检视 ,则可发现郑玄礼学在《开元礼》中并没有占据绝对的主导地位 ,相反王学却略占优势。这与唐初以郑学为主统一礼经的现实不符 ,与经学史之传统说法也稍有差距。唐人的礼制统一过程极其复杂 ,并非简单的南北选择或郑王选择 ;其原则是“稽周、汉之旧仪”、“考图史于前典”和“因时制范”三点。经过从唐初至唐中期 80年间的几次“考取王、郑” ,兼采南、北 ,《开元礼》已是一个南、北综汇 ,郑、王杂糅的产物 ,郑学自然不再居于主导地位 ,王学反而略占优势。     

《〈新定三礼图〉校释》序

莱西丁鼎君,朴雅士也。历就曲阜、南京诸校学,高材勤学,该博多方。后从金景芳先生游,专志三《礼》,卓然有成。尝撰《〈仪礼·丧服〉考论》,物彻疏明,剀切得体要,有称于学林间。近复取宋聂氏《三礼图》为之校释。书成,示而征序,乃述之曰:     

凌廷堪考据学发微

凌廷堪为乾嘉中后期一位颇有影响的考据学家。本对其学术宗旨和治学成就进行总结和阐述,这对于研究乾嘉考据学尤其是中后期的学术走向和特征都具有重要意义。凌廷堪在治学宗旨上主张事必求是,重在由典章制度以通其道,既专精于礼学又博涉旁通。在义理之学上继承戴震由考据以通义理的治经宗旨,并在发展戴震理学的基础上,提出以“礼”代“理”说。     

陕西关中民间祭祀风俗源渊初探

陕西关中地区是中国传统文化的源头之一,祭祀风俗是华夏民族传统的重要内容。《尚书》《周礼》《礼记》《仪礼》以及《尔雅》《诗经》等文献和宝鸡地区出土的著名青铜器铭文,都有关于裸礼、陻礼、復祭礼的记载和描述,这对于我们探索至今仍然普遍存在的民间祭祀风俗的渊源,认识它们的古今社会功用都有重要作用。     

洛阳战国刻纹铜匜图像浅议

洛阳新发现的战国刻纹铜匜.图像由乡饮酒礼、射礼、蒐礼三部分组成.坐饮者是老人而不是"抱孙不抱子"的"尸".蒐礼图所反映的是捕猎鸟兽的场面,不是为准备祭祖而宰杀"牺牲".器底的绞结蛇纹和流部的鱼纹是同类器物中常见的纹饰,解为"冥府图"似属牵强.     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

The Chemists' Style of Thinking

Der Denkstil der Chemiker. Der Aufsatz diskutiert die Tragfähigkeit des Begriffes “Denkstil”, wie er von Alistair Crombie eingeführt und Ian Hacking aufgegriffen wurde, für das Verständnis dessen, wie das Fach Chemie historisch seine Identität ausgeprägt hat. Obwohl weder Crombie noch Hacking den Begriff “Denkstil” in Bezug auf einzelne Disziplinen verwendet haben, erscheint im Fall der Chemie seine Anwendung besonders vielversprechend, weil er hier hilft, ein zentrales Problem zu thematisieren – nämlich die Frage, wie es Chemikern trotz wechselnder Gegenstandsbereiche und theoretischer Umbrüche gelang, eine eigenständige und stabile Identität auszubilden. Nach einer Einführung in den Begriff “Denkstil”, argumentiert der Aufsatz, dass die Beständigkeit der Chemie als eines Faches wesentlich in ihren Laborpraktiken gründet, die ihrerseits wiederum die spezifische Art der Fragen bestimmten, die Chemiker in ihren Forschungen stellten bzw. die Form der Antworten, nach denen sie suchten. Folgende Merkmale kennzeichnen diesen “chemischen Denkstil” (1) eine spezifische, im Herstellen begründete Form des Wissens, (2) die Befassung mit einzelnen Stoffen und Materialien statt mit Materie im Allgemeinen und (3) eine Beobachtung von Natur besonders im Hinblick auf Transformationsprozesse. The Chemists' Style of Thinking. This paper discusses the relevance of the notion of “styles of scientific thinking” introduced by Alistair Crombie and revisited by Ian Hacking, for understanding how chemistry shaped its identity. Although neither Crombie nor Hacking applied this notion to individual disciplines, it seems appropriate to use it in the case of chemistry because it helps to address a puzzling issue: how did chemists manage to shape an identity of their own, despite shifting territories and theoretical transformations? Following a presentation of the notion of style, I will argue that the stable identity of chemistry is rooted in laboratory practices, which determined the specific questions that chemists put to nature as well as the answers to their questions. The “chemical style of thinking” is characterized by i) a specific way of knowing through making, ii) the concern with individual materials rather than matter in general and iii) a specific commitment to nature.