王重民等有关《敦煌变文集》的信函二十四通

2008年9月,国家图书馆入藏了启功先生收藏的敦煌学资料二百一十八种,一千五百馀叶.其中有王重民、王庆菽等编<敦煌变文集>过程中往来书信24通,十九通为王重民先生致启功信函,四通为王庆菽致启功信,一通为王重民致王庆菽信.内容包括校稿的"传观传校"过程、校勘中所遇到的问题及解决方式、<敦煌变文集>交稿日期等众多信息,充分显示整理、校勘<敦煌变文集>的过程,具有较高的文献、文物价值.兹予以整理公布,与学界共享.     

晚清首批留德军事学生再考--以《李星使来去信》为中心的考察

光绪二年,七名淮军军官受李鸿章派遣赴德留学。北京大学图书馆所藏《李星使来去信》对此有着详实的记载。七名学生中,卞长胜与朱耀彩因品行不良提前回国,余者虽完成了学业,但所学非常有限,后来也大多没有晋升到较高的职位上。此次留学没有达到预期目标,症结在于学生个人素养不足,集中表现为德语水平低下。     

曾国藩、李鸿章、洪汝奎等致张文虎函札

国家图书馆藏有稿本<洪汝奎等书札>一册,收有曾国藩、李鸿章、洪汝奎等晚清名士所致张文虎信甬若干通.其中多涉及<史记>、<三国志>、<文选>等典籍的校勘、刻印以及当时学风诸问题,对于我们了解相关的情节颇有资料价值.兹予整理并加必要说明.     

《管子·轻重篇》粮价考略

<管子·轻重篇>有不少战国秦汉时期粮价的记载,但很少有人重视.本文对<管子·轻重篇>所载的粮价进行了较系统的考证,将之与其它文献和考古资料互相比照,发现<管子·轻重篇>反映的粮价,无论是低价、平价还是高价,都与有关文献和简牍资料的记载基本一致.因此,本文作者认为<管子·轻重篇>所记载的物价是有重要研究价值的.     

《曾子》源流与《大戴礼记》“曾子十篇”

曾子作为一代儒学大师,身后留下著作并传诸于世.西汉戴德将<曾子>书整理成至少十篇后编入<大戴礼记>;刘向将<曾子>书整理为"十八篇",并记入<别录>,亦即<汉书·艺文志>著录的"<曾子>十八篇"."<曾子>十八篇"至迟在南朝、隋之际就亡佚了.保存在<大戴礼记>中的"曾子十篇"具有非常宝贵的学术价值,是曾子研究的重要资料.     

吴佩孚致国际联盟调查团信函二封

近年来,在中国第二历史档案馆和日内瓦联合国欧洲办事处图书馆发现了吴佩孚1932年两封未刊信函,第一封信函系1932年4月《吴佩孚致国际联盟调查团书》,系印刷品,中国第二历史档案馆和日内瓦联合国欧洲办事处图书馆均有收藏;第二封信函系1932年8月23日抄送给国联调查团的吴佩孚于8月22日以大中华民国孚威上将军名义致日本天皇的信,藏于日内瓦联合国欧洲办事处图书馆.该信系吴佩孚用毛笔亲手所书.该两封信函对于研究九一八事变后吴佩孚的政治态度,特别是其对日态度,具有重要的参考价值,也可在一定程度上填补学界关于吴佩孚研究的一段空白.     

《北游录》的写作原因及史料价值浅析

<北游录>是明末清初杰出的史学家谈迁留给后人的一部著作,此书最突出的特点就是记事详实且真实可信.书中详细记录了谈迁写<国榷> 这部史学巨著时到北方收集史料的经历,记载的都是作者的亲身经历和见闻为其它史料所不及.所以,<北游录>是研究<国榷>这部史学巨著必不可少的资料;也为研究谈迁本人的生平及经历提供了第一手资料.因此,<北游录>及其史料价值就值得我们认真研究和总结.     

《蒋介石日记》与西安事变的几个问题

<蒋介石日记>(以下简称<日记>)在美国斯坦福大学胡佛研究所陆续对外开放,已引起国内近代史学界的广泛关注.<日记>的开放为中国近代史的研究开辟了一个新视窗,增添了许多新资料.蒋介石在1936年12月西安事变期间撰写的日记.虽对当时一些关键人物和事件的记述过于简略,或者是有意隐匿,致使后人研究这个重大历史事件颇感困难.但蒋介石作为两安事变重要当事人,他当年撰写的日记,仍不失为研究这一事件不可或缺的第一手珍贵资料.况且,这份原始日记,较之1937年初他命陈布雷代笔的用来作宣传使用的<西安半月记>更接近于真实,史料价值更高些.<日记>的开放为我们提供了一个把西安事变的研究再向前推进一步新的契机.     

从《永泰张氏宗谱》辑录宋人佚文佚诗——兼说张元干籍贯及佚文价值

明万历年间所修<永泰张氏宗谱>,对研究南宋著名词人张元干具有重要的史料价值.二十世纪八十年代,福州市文化局的曾意丹先生和福州市文物管理委员会的官桂铨先生曾先后撰文,披露过宗谱的有关内容,曾先生撰有<张元干生平及其思想渊源考辨>①,据谱中所收张元干之子张竑墓志铭,考出张元干的卒年是绍兴三十一年(1161).官先生所撰<词人张元干世系>②,则据宗谱资料,弄清了一向混沌的张元干家世.十几年前我撰写<张元干年谱>时,主要参考的就是官先生文中提供的宗谱资料,而未能见到宗谱原书,谱中很多珍贵的资料未能采用.1989年<张元干年谱>在南京出版社出版后,我才与官先生取得联系,他慷慨地将<永泰张氏宗谱>全谱复印一份寄赠给我.我如获至宝,一直珍藏至今.     

王引之《经义述闻》对虞翻《易》注的辨驳

论及清代<易>学,今人多仅关注其钩沉整理汉<易>之功,以至于对清代<易>学的认识有失片面.其实,清吴派学者对汉<易>多钩稽之业,而皖派学者对汉<易>则多所辨驳之功.吴派和皖派学者都以探求经籍本义为归.吴派学者因汉儒去古未远,因而致力于汉<易>的钩沉,以求古之途径而求是;皖派学者则认识到汉<易>亦非尽得<周易>之本义,因而信其所当信,疑其所可疑,以考据之途径而求是.皖派释经方法至高邮王念孙、王引之父子而益精.本文通过梳理王引之<经义述闻>中对虞翻<易>注的辨驳,从一个侧面探究皖派学者解<易>特色,冀对清代<易>学有更为全面的评估.     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.