Animal Farm

正90-year-old Phurbu Droma and her family live on the Chuse Ethnic Culture Park in Dokde Township of Lhasa.When she was young,she often went to sell dried cow dung in the Barkor Street.One day,she met Sonam,who was with a caravan from Yunnan.The two got to know each other,     

Farm and Threshing Mill at Poltimore Farm,Farway, Devon

Abstract

This article is based on a report compiled for English Heritage to accompany a series of measured drawings commissioned by them of the remarkably complete and well-maintained water-powered farm threshing mill at Poltimore Farm in east Devon. The machinery and buildings were recorded in January 1990, prior to repair and restoration work.     

剖析制约农民收入增长的因素

西宁市现有农村人口约100万,解决好百万农民的增收问题是我们工作的头等大事,也是农业农村经济结构战略性调整的目标之一。 近年来,西宁市紧紧围绕农业增效和农民增收这个中心大力调整农业结构,提高农畜产品的市场竞争力,农业生产和农村经济有了长足的发展,全市农民人均纯收入从1998年的1410元提高到2002年的1839元,农民生活水平有了明显改善。但也存在着一些问题:从年度、地区看,农民收入增长速度缓慢,且个别地区增速不平衡,反复性强;     

The Mechanical Farm of 2030

Abstract

After introducing influences which will affect mechanization of agriculture over the next 50 years, the review deals separately with three aspects of equipment on farms. These are machinery for arable farming, equipment used in livestock husbandry, and the hardware and software likely to assist farm management. The bulk of crop production is predicted to be carried out by a system of field gantries which will replace today's tractor and implements. The gantries will be fitted with automatic guidance but will still carry an operator who will be provided with extensive monitoring instrumentation. Second, monitoring of livestock growth or yield will be computer based. Health and breeding will also be automatically monitored and controlled, and farm staff will be aided by a robot, whose functions will include remote viewing and sensing, routine animal and feed handling operations, and assistance with animal herding. Computers will be used extensively in farm management with on-farm machines linked permanently to national information data banks, to suppliers and organizations who purchase from the farm and to consultant organizations. Computers will also be used for planning decisions based on operational research predictive methods and particularly for daily work planning.     

The Evolution of American Farm Silos

The conspicuous silo on American farmsteads is the result of an evolving process to store ensilage effectively. From merely indoor stone-lined pits in the ground and exterior wooden rectangular and circular silos of the past, today's silos include the highly mechanical fiberglass and metal (Harvestore) structures. Ensilage has become an important aspect of agriculture, especially in the northeastern quarter of the United States and adjacent parts of Canada. The silo reflects the ongoing changes in agricultural production and in the American farmstead.     

Responding to Farm Poverty in Australia

In May 2005, the Commonwealth announced changes to the eligibility criteria for a number of farm welfare payments which have resulted in farmers receiving such payments on more generous terms than other disadvantaged groups in the community. The changes passed largely unremarked by the media or political commentators. Farm welfare programs are developed independently of the general welfare safety net and are based on assumptions about the nature, extent and causes of farm poverty. No comprehensive empirical research has been conducted into farm poverty since the Henderson Inquiry of the 1970 Henderson, R. F., Harcourt, A. and Harper, R. J.A. 1970. People in Poverty: A Melbourne Survey, Melbourne: University of Melbourne.  [Google Scholar]s. This paper discusses the issue of farm poverty in Australia and how it fits into the broader welfare debate, and proposes a way forward to develop more effective and equitable farm welfare programs.     

Land Reform and Farm Restructuring in the Kyrgyz Republic

Two land tenure specialists chronicle initiatives in land reform and farm restructuring in the Kyrgyz Republic from 1991 to the present. A brief review of the legal basis for reforms to date is outlined and compared against progress in land reform and farm restructuring on the ground. Specific attention is devoted to regional variation in progress in farm restructuring, the impact of the reforms on farm size, farm labor requirements, and rural-to-urban migration. 1 figure, 9 tables, 10 references.     

再赏江西新干大洋洲出土的青铜兵器与农具

<正>1989年9月江西新干大洋洲商代晚期遗存的发现可谓石破天惊,在商代考古领域具有里程碑的意义,被评为20世纪中国百大考古发现之一。它是继三星堆之后,在我国南方的商代单个埋藏单位出土器物最多的一例,也是出土青铜器最多的一例,多达475件。这一考古发现改写了商代的江南历史,一方面说明商文化的辐射范围突破了长江这一传统认识中的商文化"边界",另一方面说明赣江流域在商代已形成独具特色、高度发达的青铜文明,为研究中华文明的演进历程与发展模式提供了珍贵的新资料。     

锄--红山峪村农具民俗之一

锄是田间管理的主要用具,红山峪村原只有铁锄与耪锄两种,后来出现了木把锄和代替锄的板镢和勾镢。     

Scale-Economy Conditions for Spatial Variation in Farm Size

Given the usual neoclassical assumptions of economic rationality, perfect competition, long-term spatial equilibrium, a Thunian context, and perfectly divisible labor and capital, this paper expresses economies of scale in farming in terms of the yield derived from a given level of intensity. If yield increases as farm scale increases, there are economies of scale. If yield decreases, there are diseconomies of scale. The literature on scale economies in agriculture suggests that scale economies accrue from increases in capital inputs, but diseconomies occur as a result of increases in farm area. The models of the spatial structure of agriculture, with farm size included, show the following: 1. Unless there are economies of scale giving way to diseconomies of scale with increases in farm size, no optimal farm area or farm scale can be defined; 2. If the optimal intensity for farming does not vary over space, the optimal farm scale or area should be constant over space; 3. If intensity varies spatially, and if the optimal economies of scale are a function of area only, farm areas should not vary spatially, and sales volume per farm should increase as market access and fertility increase; 4. It is only if intensity varies spatially and optimal scale economies are a function of both area and total quantities of nonland inputs per farm that farm area should increase as distance to market increases or fertility decreases. In this last case, quantities of nonland inputs per farm should also decrease, and usually sales volume per farm should decrease also.