《说文段注》的校字例

清代说文学大家段玉裁在校改东汉许慎的《说文解字》时,是以贯通《说文》的“书例”为基础的。段氏对《说文》正篆的校改,约有下列七种情况：1、据形误校改例,如：《说文·一下·部》：“也。从声。”《段注》：“‘,也。从梯声。’按今本篆作‘’、‘声’,从‘禾’...     

《太平广记》语词札记

顷读《太平广记》（中华书局1984年版）,释词语若干条,其义多未见辞书,或释义与辞书有异者。特钞录数例,以飨读者。【勉、努力】唐世叮咛语,言保重也。卷一九《马周》：“天纲惊曰：‘子何所遇邪？已有瘳矣,六十日当一日九迁,百日位至丞相,勉自爱也。’”（129页）同卷《李林甫》：“曰：‘勉,六百年后,方复见相公。’遂出门而逝。”（出《逸史》,131页）卷九一《稠禅师》：“神曰：‘汝已多力,然善持教,勉旃。’神去且晓。”（出《纪闻》及《朝野佥载》,602页）卷二四《刘清真》：“我诚负汝,然今已得道,将舍汝,谒帝於此…     

从《牛棚杂忆》引起的强烈反应说起

“我这个小字辈,在‘文革’中也是‘自己跳出来的’,也是‘现行反革命’,还是‘苏修特务’、‘三反分子’。蹲牛棚两年,在干校五年,挨批斗百余场。”“你的别的著作我不敢说能不能传世。而这本《牛棚杂忆》,我想一定会传之于后世,而且应当传世！让我们民族的子孙后代从你这本书里多少知道什么叫‘文化大革命’！对于‘文革’,当今依然有人企图让我们淡忘,叫我们忘记！这也就是你在《牛棚杂忆》里一再告诫我们的：这是一种很大的危险！”以上摘自广州一位读者给《牛棚杂忆》的作者季老的一封信。季羡林先生的这本新著,问世不过数月…     

《晏子春秋集释》管见

《晏子春秋》一书,疑误甚多,校释之事,殊为艰巨.吴作虞先生所撰《集释》,今又重印,收入中华书局《新编诸子集成》(第一辑)中.读后谨志所见,以供参酌.1.寡人之病病矣.《内篇谏上》42页按:“病病”应作“疾病”.《说文·疒部》:“病,疾加也.”段注:“析言之,则‘病’为疾加;浑言之,则‘疾’亦病也.”“疾病”,古之常语也,谓病困不能起.《左传·昭二十年》亦记此云:“今君疾病,为诸侯忧,是祝、史之罪也.”可证.     

《历史研究》1994年总目

(作者后面括号内圆点前是期数,圆点后是页码)纪念《历史研究》创刊四十周年郭沫若关于《历史研究》的六封信 ’‘””‘’‘”””“‘.‘·······……刘大年(1 .3)我与《历史研究》·········……罗尔纲(1 .7)《历史研究》—我的良师益友 ‘””‘’‘”二’二’二‘········……张磊(1 .8)祝贺与希望··················……彭明(1 .10)创新扶青是《历史研究》的两大特色 ““’‘””””…‘·········……魄流涛(1 .11)历史知识的提高和普及‘ —贺《历史研究》创刊4。周年 ”””””…     

佛陀的故事与相关题材造像——用文物解读《西游记》系列（下）

<正>五、佛陀涅故事及相关题材造像据北凉昙无谶译四十卷本《大般涅槃经》（大正藏经号374）的记载：佛陀在“拘尸那城娑罗双树间”入涅。据东晋法显译《大般涅槃经》（大正藏经号007）记载：“（佛陀）语阿傩言：‘汝可往至娑罗林中,见有双树,孤在一处。洒扫其下使令清净。安处绳床,令头北首。我今身体极苦疲极。’尔时阿傩及诸比丘闻佛此语倍增悲绝。阿傩流泪奉敕而去。至彼树下洒扫敷施。皆悉如法。还归白言：‘洒扫敷施皆悉已毕。’尔时世尊与诸比丘入娑罗林,     

本刊2001年(总第240—254期)目录索引

【《史学月刊》创刊５０周年笔谈】《史学月刊》五十年……………………本刊编辑部（１：５）实事求是　　开拓创………………………新彭　　明（１：８）祝贺《史学月刊》创刊５０周年…………安作璋（１：９）回忆《新史学通讯》…………………………朱绍侯（１：１１）坚守立场　　提升品位……………………何晓明（１：１２）【史学理论与史学史】论史学在社会中的位置——为中国史学步入２１世纪而作………瞿林东（１：１５）从历史轨迹看“以史为鉴”的得失………孙家洲（１：２６）关于中国早期国家的几个问题………………沈长云（２…     

《诗经·唐风》二则

《唐风》是唐国的风诗。唐即是晋,唐地有晋水,所以后来改称晋,唐地相传为唐尧所居,故吴公子季札闻歌《唐》曰：“思深者,其有陶唐氏之遗民乎？”（《左传·襄公二十九年》班固《汉书·地理志》也说：“其民有先五遗教,君子深思,小人俭陋。故唐诗《蟋蟀》、《山有枢》、《葛生》之篇回：‘今我不乐,日月其迈’;‘宛其死矣,他人是愉’;‘百岁之后,归于其居’。皆思奢俭之中,念死生之虑。”《唐风》中有两组作品特别值得注意：《蟋蟀》、《山有枢》在及时行乐口气掩盖下隐含了“人的觉醒”的萌芽;《扬之水》、《绸缎》、《葛生》…     

“努力”义项再说

“努力”一词的“勉力,尽力”义为大家熟知,而其“保重,自爱”义则鲜有提及者。郭在贻有《释“努力”》一文,指出：“‘努力’一词在汉魏六朝以迄隋唐时期实包含有两种义蕴：一是勉力、用力：另一是犹今言‘保重’、‘自爱’的意思,     

朱德周恩来胜利指挥第四次反“围剿”

萧克同志说：“过去讲中央苏区五次反‘围剿’的历史时,讲第一、二、三次反‘围剿’,是毛泽东指挥取得了胜利;第五次反‘围剿’是从共产国际来的李德指挥的,遭受了严重失败;而第四次反‘围剿’不讲谁指挥的,只讲在毛泽东同志的正确军事思想影响下取得了胜利。”萧克明确地讲：“第四次反‘围剿’是周恩来、朱德指挥的,取得了很大的胜利,这是历史事实,要如实讲。”(见《纵横》2000年第11期,蒋杰：《萧克指导我们正确评价历史》)本文告诉你的就是这一段历史的真实：     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the