河南商周青铜器蝉纹及其相关问题

早在红山文化、良渚文化时期就已出现了玉蝉,而蝉纹最早出现在青铜器上是在商代.本文对河南商周青铜器上的蝉纹进行归纳、梳理,把他们分为无足蝉纹、两足蝉纹、四足蝉纹和变形蝉纹四种类别,并对该纹饰的有关问题略述管见.     

单体饭店连锁化经营模式的战略选择:资源基础理论的观点

本文的研究目的在于为单体饭店寻求连锁化发展的出路。本文从资源基础理论出发,对饭店企业关键成功因素进行了梳理与分析,并在此基础上对单体饭店进行了分类。针对部分单体饭店资源与能力不足的现状,本文分析了4种连锁经营模式的特点,并依据资源基础理论将各类单体饭店与经营模式进行了匹配,从而为我国单体饭店连锁经营模式的战略选择提供了基本思路。     

网络游记中的景区共现现象分析——以华东地区首批国家5A级旅游景区为例

本文以游客发表在网络中的游记为研究对象,通过对游记中呈现的景点共现次数和烈度指标的统计分析,揭示了华东地区首批国家5A级旅游景区内热门景点的分布状态;运用社会网络分析方法描绘了这些景区之间的共现关系,并依据各景区距共现核心位置的远近及其所辖景点的冷热均衡状况这两项指标将景区划分为4种类型;针对不同类型景区的特点,本文提出了相应的营销策略建议。     

云冈石窟洞窟形制的特征与布局

云冈石窟的洞窟形制反映了北魏时期的建筑特征。现存实物中北魏木结构建筑难以寻觅,但云冈石窟洞窟形制的特征,对于研究中国建筑史有着重要的参考价值。其依开凿洞窟时间的早晚而显出有规律的变化,各个时期均有所不同,可划分为四大类。本从这四类形制的特征作以浅议。     

乡村振兴视角下传统村落活态性特征及作用机制研究

基于传统村落活态性内涵,从村落人口、物质遗产以及非物质遗产3个方面构建传统村落活态性评价指标体系。通过访谈问卷、实地踏勘、文献查阅等方法获取数据,根据发展路径的差异划分传统村落类型,对分属旅游发展型、传统技艺型、综合开发型和生活服务型的湖南省永州市4个传统村落活态性进行测度。结果表明：①失活现象在各类型传统村落中较为普遍;②不同类型传统村落人口活态情况差异明显,其中旅游发展型村落人口活态性最好,生活服务型村落人口活态性最差;③不同类型传统村落物质遗产失活程度相对较轻;④不同类型传统村落非物质遗产失活程度整体较高。     

王湾三期文化的南渐及其相关问题

王湾三期文化早期主要分布于豫中和豫西东部地区,晚期分布地域明显向南扩张,可分为王湾、煤山、杨庄二期和乱石滩四个地方类型,后两个类型系王湾三期文化取代分布于豫南、豫西南和鄂西北地区的石家河文化后形成的,是"禹征三苗"的考古学反映.二里头文化一期集中分布于嵩山周围一带,二期始进抵驻马店-南阳一线.所谓"新砦期"早段实属王湾三期文化最晚阶段的遗存,晚段应属二里头文化一期偏早阶段的遗存,二里头文化一期是目前所知最早的夏文化.     

COMPOSITIONAL VARIABILITY IN COLOURLESS ROMAN VESSEL GLASS

A statistical re-analysis is undertaken of 118 inductively coupled plasma spectrometry analyses of Romano-British glass specimens found in excavations at Colchester. There are four vessel types present, some of which are associated with chronologically distinct periods. Previous research has suggested little difference in the mean composition of different types. The present paper shows that there are interesting differences in the variation of compositions within types, with some showing much greater compositional stability then others. Some possible models to explain this phenomenon are discussed.     

基于细分类型的南京市创意产业空间演化特征与差异

运用核密度分析的方法,对南京市创意产业总体和细分类型的空间分布演化特征和差异进行研究。研究表明,南京市创意产业总体上呈现集聚态势,集聚重心主要位于城市商业和商务中心,并沿城市商务业主轴中山北路和中山路向外扩散,与外围地区的小型据点呈连绵粘合之势。然而,各类创意产业的空间格局与演化又呈现出一定的差异,主要表现在分布模式、演化态势、集聚强度、集聚速度等方面。这些差异主要与各类创意产业的行业关联特征、所有制结构、企业规模结构、行业发展阶段与增长趋势的差异相关。     

论民俗旅游资源及其开发

本文从旅游学与民俗学交叉渗透研究的角度,阐述并分析了民俗旅游资源的主要类型及其基本特征,以此为依据提出并论述民俗旅游资源的四种开发类型、三类开发方式及其三项开发导向原则。     

试论水北遗址仰韶文化遗存的分期

水北遗址位于陕西省彬县炭店乡水北村(图一),面积为12万平方米。1959年,中国社会科学院考古研究所曾对该遗址进行调查,发现有钵、盆、罐、尖底瓶、缸、瓮等遗物[1][2]。2005年陕西省考古研究院等单位对水北遗址进行了发     

CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF IMPURITY PATTERNS IN ARMORICO-BRITISH DAGGERS

Employing cluster analysis, patterns and relationships have been looked for within the trace and alloying elements of about eighty bronze daggers of the Wessex and contemporary cultures in Brittany. The results showed that only one of the four types of daggers could be linked with a particular metal cluster, that various types of daggers were used parallel to one another over considerable periods and that the more advanced metal clusters have an almost entirely British distribution.     

A Natural-Resource Regionalization of the USSR

A regionalization of natural resources is treated as a particular case of economic regionalization, in the sense that it makes an economic interpretation of the physical base of an area from the point of view of its capacity to generate an economic region of appropriate rank. The resource regionalization is based on two particular regionalizations of bioclimatic and mineral resources, yielding a set of 86 regions that combine both types of resources. A typology of resource regions distinguishes seven basic types of regions in which bioclimatic resources are dominant and four basic types in which mineral resources are dominant. Combinations of bioclimatic and mineral resources yield 24 groups of integral resource regions.     

关中地区隋代墓葬形制研究

本文根据关中地区发现的80余座隋墓资料,依据37座纪年墓,将隋代墓葬形制分为砖室墓、土洞墓、竖穴土坑墓三大类。其中土洞墓分为双室土洞墓和单室土洞墓两类。作为墓葬形制主流的单室土洞墓根据等级可分为四型六式。并论述了各型墓葬早晚期的特点、相对应的等级关系。根据墓葬形制变化将隋代墓葬分为早晚两期。早期:开皇元年(581年)～仁寿四年(604年),晚期:大业元年(605年)～隋末(618年)。并讨论了莹地兆沟、封土、地面石刻以及墓葬的共同特点。     

明代雁北地区城堡的职能与选址特征

本文总结出明代雁北地区存在政区治所、居中应援城堡、长城边堡与收保之堡等四种城堡类型,并指出,正是因为其职能与地理位置的差异,导致不同类型的城堡在后世有着不同的发展道路。卫所与州县治所延续其政区驻地职能,在今天大多仍为市、县与建制镇驻地;居中应援城堡由于地处通衢,农业条件较好,在今天为乡镇驻地;而后两种类型的城堡随着民族关系的缓和,军事职能逐渐淡化,在今天基本上成为普通村落,很多甚至遭到废弃。     

考古所见晋唐时期间裙研究

一、间裙界说间裙一词见《旧唐书》卷一高宗本纪,云(高宗)思还淳返朴,示天下以质素……其异色绫锦,并花间裙衣等,靡费既广,俱害女工。天     

All in the Family

The authors look at how family income depends on family structure. Using data from the 1973, 1979, and 1987, Current Population Survey, the authors examine four income sources (earnings, property, child support, and government transfers) among seven family types for all families and for Latino, black, and white householder families. The authors find large income differences among families–primarily due to differences in earnings–but little change within family types over time. Increasing the work hours of adult members or relying on income support from nonresident family members is unlikely to substantially remedy the differences in income among family types, and specifically to improve the very low income of single-mother families. Other family policies are suggested.     

国家级贫困县旅游资源优势度与脱贫力耦合分析——以433个脱贫县为例

依托旅游资源发展旅游业成为中国脱贫攻坚战略的重要路径。以433个已脱贫的国家级贫困县为研究对象,构建旅游资源优势度与脱贫力的耦合协调模型,分析两者耦合协调度等级和类型空间分布特征。研究表明：①脱贫县旅游资源优势度4个等级数量呈“梯形”结构,而脱贫力4个等级数量呈“钵型”结构;②旅游资源优势度区域差异明显,而脱贫力区域差异不大;③高度、中度和低度耦合协调等级分别呈“零星式”“带状式”和“簇块+带状混合式”分布特征;④耦合类型可分为高同步型、低同步型、潜力型和乏力型,其中乏力型和低同步型数量较多,类型空间分异显著。     

Provenance research by INAA on ancient Chinese white porcelain excavated from the Maojiawan site of Beijing

More than one million shards of ancient Chinese porcelain were excavated at the Maojiawan pit in Beijing in September 2005. Among these shards, four types of ancient Chinese white porcelain were identified. The ages and provenances of three of these types of porcelain were accurately determined by archaeologists based on typology. However, different archaeologists interpreted the other/fourth type differently. According to the colour of the porcelain body, it was easily identified as the product of the Jingdezhen kilns of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644 AD). However, based on the vessel shape, this fourth type of porcelain was also identified as the product of the Cizhou kilns of the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368 AD). In order to determine the provenance of this type of ancient Chinese white porcelain, 131 shards comprising the four types of white porcelain identified at the site were selected as experimental specimens and analysed by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). After the processing of experimental data by principal component analysis and geochemical analysis, the results show that the provenance of this type of ancient Chinese white porcelain is the Jingdezhen, not the Cizhou kiln.     

徐州地区西汉陶俑的发现及初步研究

徐州地区西汉陶俑可分为兵俑、乐舞俑、仪仗俑、侍俑四个大类。并由俱象写实向形神兼备的方向演变,其乐舞俑生动的形象栩栩如生,成为汉代陶俑的经典之作。     

TEACHING OLD DOGS NEW TRICKS: FOUR MOTIFS OF LEGAL CHANGE FROM EARLY MODERN EUROPE

In the past millennium, there have been thousands of polities in Europe and millions of laws. This article contributes to efforts by historians and sociologists to make some sense of this sprawl by constructing common types of law and legal change. Such types constitute distinctive patterns by which historical actors change names, ideas, and applications of rules of law under various circumstances. Three classic forms of change, namely legislation, mutation of custom, and judge‐made law, were described by Max Weber. To Weber's model I add four new types or motifs of change, which I dub legal deeds, voice‐supersession, legal fictions, and anthropological expansion. The major advance of the four motifs is that they each combine what could be called a semantic and a social view of legal change. That is, they take seriously the fact that law is often bound in a self‐conscious tradition of thought and practice. But each motif of change is also characterized by a typified social configuration of legal operators and legal subjects, who apply competing ideas to one another in distinctive ways. The paradigm of law in which the four motifs are embedded is evolutionary, pluralist, and liberal in that it posits creative social organization by multiple, independent, interacting individuals in society, weaving cumulative, complex orders. This theory makes several significant scholarly interventions. First, it attempts to reconcile outstanding semantic and social theories of legal change. Second, it historicizes legal pluralism while giving evolutionary theory a healthy dose of contingency. Third, the four motifs should also be serviceable to intellectual historians as tools for describing how historical actors interact with traditions generally. Tradition need not be viewed as conservative or even overwhelmingly static. This paradigm may help historians and social scientists assess how the force of the status quo balances against the power of individuals to innovate.