古籍勘误五则

<楚辞·九叹>里的"九鬿",王逸注为北斗九星.误,"九鬿"应是"鬿萑",是一种能食人的猛禽.<墨子·备城门>中的"我长七寸","我"字不误,意为戈矛式武器,不烦改字.<山海经·中山经>中的"居逵",是一组反切拼音.<晋书·天文志>中的"第三星主五星",应为"第三星主五行".<书断>中的"杨固<北都赋>",应当为"阳固<北都赋>".     

《山海经》与渐江古地理--古会稽山乃在义乌的西北

<山海经>记载了约40个邦国,550座山和300条水道.汉朝刘歆认为<山海经>者,出于唐虞之际……禹别九州岛……而伯益……著山海经.赵晔在<吴越春秋>中也说:禹"巡行四渎,与益夔共谋,行列名山大泽,召其神而问之山川脉理."名曰<山海经>.袁珂认为:整部山海经,可说是一部神话性质的地理书.这是有道理的.既然是地理书,所记必有所据,只是由于岁月流逝,地名变换,语言文字的不同.     

上博七《郑子家丧》补释

本文在学界已有研究基础上,尝试对<上海博物馆藏战国楚竹书(七)>所载<郑子家丧>中部分文句的释读做些补充或提出自己的看法,如为"就"训作"造访"、乙本"及"是"没"之讹等说法提供文献佐证;读"命"为"盟"、训"丁"为"当"等,希望对完善<郑子家丧>篇的文本解读有所裨益.     

马王堆帛书《春秋事语》义

马王堆帛书《春秋事语》燕大夫章"起民之暨也"之"暨",当读为"塈",训为息;晋献公欲伐虢章"且少长于君前"之"前",当读为"贱";鲁桓公少章"卒必■之""果以其言■之"之"■",皆当读为"谮",诬陷之义;宋荆战泓水之上章"非德伐回"之"非",当读为"配";吴伐越章"使守布舟"之"布",当读为"甫",训为大;鲁庄公有疾章"■德■怨"之"■",当读为"措",训为弃置。     

"嵎夷"与"朝鲜"

"嵎夷"之名最早见于<尚书>,自新石器时代就居于山东半岛,应是东夷少昊族团的一支,但由于中原华夏民族的东渐及在这一过程中的频繁战争,迫使相当一部分嵎夷人越海迁往辽东半岛、朝鲜半岛乃至日本列岛,<山海经>将"少昊之国"、"羲和之国"称为"海外"之国,就反映了这种历史真实,而自新罗开始,古代韩国人自称是"轩辕之裔、少昊之胤"、"嵎夷细民",不是没有道理,它反映了中、韩两国人民在历史上的血肉联系.     

阮元治经中的“违注”之举及其得失

清乾隆以后,研究经学的学者大多标榜"汉学"之名.其所谓汉学者.往往指的就是毛<传>、郑<笺>之学.而被称为乾嘉汉学殿军的阮元(1764～1849年)在对古代名物制度以及若干儒学核心概念的训释过程中却并不完全拘泥于汉儒之成说,时有"违注"之举.他的这一学术实践既有得也有失,应予具体分析和总结.     

金文释词二则

戎生编钟铭文中的"倝",读为"榦",应训为"防御"义;史密簋铭文中的"(酄)",读为"顴",应训为"顴兵"义.     

秦简《寡》、《天》、《(兴蚕)》诸卦解诂 --兼论《归藏易》的若干问题

王家台秦简<归藏>首卦名<寡>,为<坤>卦别名,卦辞讲"不仁",夏后启投渊、共工坠江,都是"不仁"的恶果.次卦名"天",乃<乾>卦别名,卦辞说过早地让诸侯们来朝见,不利于农业收成."( )"是<既济>卦别名,卦辞以( )虫蛀咬席子,来隐喻商朝北方受到鬼方的侵扰.<师>卦残辞可与传本<归藏>缀合,讲周穆王西征的故事."( )"为"瞿"字异体,乃<睽>卦别名,残辞可与传本<归藏·瞿>卦佚文缀合,以"两羭"醉酒"三日然后苏",来隐喻商王朝国家无忧.秦简<归藏>与传本<归藏>的内容基本相同,而传本<归藏>实乃战国魏襄王墓出土<易繇阴阳卦>的佚文.它是战国早中期人在<周易>筮占体系的影响下,依托<山海经>、<楚辞>等文献里的人物故事,编撰而成的易学著作.     

罗布泊盐湖的天空之镜

<正>罗布泊盐湖位于被称为"死亡之海"的罗布泊腹地。古罗布泊诞生于第三纪末、第四纪初,距今已有1800万年,《山海经》称之为"幼泽",也有称盐泽,曾是一片水草丰美之地,也诞生了至今仍然神秘莫测的楼兰王国。     

皮著、周注《经学历史》纠误

由清代今文经学家皮锡瑞著、近代经学史家周予同注释的<经学历史>名噪学界,早已成为习经学史入门之书.然其间不免皮氏门户之见,如对三国王肃,皮氏即大加鞭挞,将之与刘歆并称为"经学之大蠹",指责其伪造群书诸注,所论似甚痛畅.近因研究<孔子家语>,重读此书,居然发现皮氏在此却出现一低级谬误,而周注更错上加错.读之愕然.第五章论经学中衰时代时有云:     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

LEAD ISOTOPE ANALYSES OF ISLAMIC POTTERY GLAZES FROM FUSTAT,EGYPT*

Lead isotope analyses have been undertaken on a group of Islamic lead‐glazed pottery artefacts from Fustat, Egypt, spanning the period from the eighth to the 14th century ad , that had previously been the subject of a comprehensive typological, chronological, petrographic and technological study. Comparison of the lead isotope ratios for the glazes with those for lead ores from Egypt, Iran, Tunisia, Anatolia, Greece, Sardinia and Spain provided information on the possible sources of the lead used in the production of the glazes. The results show that the lead used in glaze production by the Islamic potters at Fustat was most probably obtained from distant ore sources in Iran or Tunisia, Sardinia, Spain and the Taurus Mountains. Different ore sources were favoured in different periods and, to a limited extent, for different types of pottery, but at no time did the Fustat potters use the potentially more accessible Egyptian ore sources.     

Australian Cenozoic Bryozoa, 2: Free-living Cheilostomata of the Eocene St. Vincent Basin,S.A., including Bonellina gen. nov

Schmidt, R., March 2007. Australian Cenozoic Bryozoa, 2: Free-living Cheilostomata of the Eocene St. Vincent Basin, S.A., including Bonellina gen. nov. Alcheringa 31, 67-84. ISSN 0311-5518.

Free-living bryozoans are diverse in the Eocene sediments of the St. Vincent Basin, South Australia. They include Bonellina pentagonalis gen. et sp. nov., Otionellina sp. cf. O. exigua (Tenison Woods), Otionellina sp. cf. O. cupola (Tenison Woods), Tubiporella magna (Tenison Woods), Celleporaria nummularia (Tenison Woods), and an indeterminate species only found as moulds. This diversity and abundance is highest in the sediments representing the initial transgressive marine facies, where they occur in ‘sand fauna’ bryozoan assemblages (e.g. with Melicerita and Siphonicytara). Free-living bryozoans decrease up-section and are absent from latest Eocene sediments, indicating a significant environmental shift.

Rolf Schmidt [rschmid@museum.vic.gov.au], Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia; received 18.3.2005, revised 14.12.2005.