Tibetan Buddhism and the Economy of the Yuan Dynasty

Generally speaking, Tibetan Buddhism played a very important part in the politics of the Yuan Dynasty: it had accelerated the alliance between Mongolia and Tibet on one hand and also brought the Tibetan district under the jurisdiction of China's Central Government on the other. Meanwhile, Tibetan Buddhism had become extremely conceited because the whole Dynasty, especially the imperial court, esteemed it too     

News in Brief

Tibetans Celebrated Butter Lamp Festival
The traditional Butter Lamp Festival was celebrated in Tibet on Dec. 27, 2013 （Oct. 25 in the Tibetan calendar） to commemorate Tsongkapa, founder of the Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism. On this day, numerous butter lamps were lit up on windows sills and balconies day and night as a religious offering to the great Buddhism master.     

Nuns of the Unique Joyul(gcod-yul)Sect of Tibetan Buddhism

The Joyul tradition,which was founded in the 11thcentury,was one of the most important sects of Ti-betan Buddhism.This tradition may trace its originsback to Pha Dampa Sangye,a well-known monk whowas a native of South India,and was founded by MacikLabdron(ma-cig lab-sgron),a famous Tibetan Yogini(a female practitioner of the Yogachara school).It wasthe only sect founded by a female in the history of Ti-betan Buddhism,and this is also rarely seen in the worldhistory of world religions.The sect had a unique doc-trine and methods of intensive meditative practice.Therefore,it was a distinctive sect in the TibetanBuddhism.It not only had deep impact on other sectsof Tibetan Buddhism,but also had great influence on     

宁玛派(英文)

<正>The expression Rnying Ma-pa means "ancient" or "old".The Rnying Ma-pa sect maintained that it is ancient because Pad-ma vbyung-gnas established its doctrines in the 8th century,about three hundred years earlier than the origin of Tibetan Buddhism’s other sects.With regard to "old",the Rnying Ma-pa sect claimed to focus on the teachings of Old Tantric Mysticism,basically those translated during the Tubo period. The division of Tibetan Buddhism into various sects differed from that of Hinayana and Mahayana in Indian Buddhism.The separation of Hinayana into eighteen schools was     

SALIENT FEATURES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NEW GESHI SYSTEM

The new system was introduced on the basis of the traditional way of studying the sutras of Tibetan Buddhism. It is a brand-new Geshi award system,which fully respects and carries forward the traditional system in terms of sutra studies and Geshi title promotion. In terms of content, the way to study them and the way the tests are given, the new system basically follows the traditional practice of various sects of Tibetan Buddhism. Hence it is well received among the eminent monks of Tibeta…     

An Exploration of Tibetan Women's Life in Khams in the Qing Dynasty

Tibetans, one of the oldest ethnic minorities in China, are mainly distributed in the vast western regions of modern Tibet, Sichuan, Qinghai, Gansu and Yunnan. Students and scholars of the long history of Tibetan culture, as well as the breadth and profundity of Tibetan Buddhism, have always concentrated their attention on the role of men in this history and largely ignored women. Actually, in the history of the socio-     

全球化背景下的藏传佛教与藏传佛教研究（英文）

正This article aims to discuss the predicament faced by Tibetan Buddhism in the current time of globalization,the opportunities facing it,and its potential ways out of the dilemma.Especially taking into account the fact that today’s Tibetan Rinpoches and tantric Buddhist teachings have on one hand become the most favored of their kind amongst great numbers of progressives and petty bourgeoisie in this postmodern     

First Toranba Geshi Degree Issued

In October 2005, a total of 11 students of the China TibetanLanguage Higher Institute of Buddhism completed theirBuddhist studies for the Toranba Geshi title and a grandaward ceremony was held. This marks the fresh progressthat Tibetan Buddhism is making in Buddhist studies.The China Tibetan Language Higher Institute of BuddhismFirst Toranba Geshi ClassWith the development of Tibetan society in recent years, Tibetan Buddhistcircles have been seeking the introduction of an authoritati…     

A RECORD OF THE ENTHRONEMENT OF

July 4th, 2010, which was also May 23rd of the irontiger year according to the Tibetan calendar, was a most auspicious day. Tibetan Buddhism welcomed this very important event, drawing lots from the golden urn to search for the soul boy of the Fifth Detrul reincarnation. Over 150 representatives from all walks of life and adherents witnessed this great event in Tibetan Buddhism in front of the statue of Sakyamuni in the Jokhang Temple.     

FIVE MONKS ARE CONFERRED WITH GESHI LHARAMBA DEGREES IN LHASA

The annual examination for the Geshi Lharamba Degree in Tibetan Buddhism was held on the 17th of March in 2007 at the Jokhang Monastery in Lhasa.Following the degrees granted in 2005 and 2006,another five monk scholars have passed the examination of sutra debating and are finally conferred with the degree of Geshi Lharamba.     

The Influence of Tibetan Buddhism on Contemporary Mongolian Eco-literature——Case Studies on Xue-boGuo's Novels

Tibetan Buddhism,one of the important sects of Buddhism,is believed by a lot of researchers to have disseminated into Tibet from India,Nepal and its adjacent Han nationality congregating areas in around 7th century.The subsequent spread of Buddhism in Tibet experienced two periods of fast diffusion,during which the original Buddhist doctrine merged with Tibetan traditional culture,and a new form of religion with typical Tibetan characteristics came into being.     

Tibetan Buddhism in the Tubo Period

After Buddhism entered Tibet,its special form of Tibet,called as "Tibetan Buddhism".Prior to the advent of Buddhism,the native religion of Tibet was Bon.The Bon religion had similarities to the witchcraft practiced in the hinterland of China.In dealing with any sort of mystery and to avoid misfortune,the Bonists performed rituals involving prayer,the consultation of oracles,and exorcism.Bonists also relied on such rituals to cure illness while performing funeral rites.     

THE 9TH DORAMPA GESHI DEGREE AWARD CEREMONY HELD IN BEIJING

<正>The 9th award ceremony of Dorampa Geshi Degree,the advanced degree in the Tibetan Buddhism,was held in the High-level Tibetan Buddhism College of China,Beiji...     

A RECORD OF THE ENTHRONEMENT OF THE SOUL BOY OF DETRUL REINCARNATION

<正>July 4th,2010,which was also May 23rd of the irontiger year according to the Tibetan calendar,was a most auspicious day.Tibetan Buddhism welcomed this very important event,drawing lots from the golden urn to search for the soul boy of the Fifth Detrul reincarnation. Over 150 representatives from all walks of life and adherents witnessed this great event in Tibetan Buddhism in front of the statue of Sakyamuni in the Jokhang Temple.     

The Dissemination and Transformation of Han Chinese-style Sudhana or Chinese-Style Children in Tibetan Buddhist Art during the Ming Dynasty

The Ming Dynasty was one of the important periods of cultural exchange and amalgamation between Han Chinese and Tibetans.Along with the governance of Tibet and other Tibetan areas by the Central Government of the Ming Dynasty,Tibetan culture represented by Buddhism and its art was disseminated in the interior of China,primarily in Nanjing city and Beijing city,the capital of the Ming dynasty.At the same time,Chinese culture represented by Chinese Buddhism and its art was also introduced into Tibet and other Tibetan areas.     

THE THREE MASTERS OF JO OLDRUM

The ＂three masters of Jo Oldrum＂ refers to Guru Jo Olgyal Palden Atisha and his two disciples： Drumdompa Gyaiwarongne and O1 Lepal Sherab who lived in the 10th Century. In Thangka and frescos, Guru Atisha sits in the middle, and his two disciples on either side. Such works are commonly found in the shrines of Tibetan monasteries. All three were initiated into the Sect of Kadam in Tibetan Buddhism during the 10th Century.     

A Study of mChod-rtens （Tibetan Stupas）

mChod-rten is a unique form of Stupa in Tibetan Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhists have long believed that building mChod-rtens is a way to accumulate virtues and merits, so both religious and secular people value them. Therefore, Tibet has become one of the most densely located areas of Stupas in the world, mChodrtens, varied in size and form, are found everywhere in Tibetan-inhabited regions. This distinct type of Stupa is not only an object of worship, or a peculiar form of architecture, but also a building with deep symbolic significance in Tibetan Buddhism, thus it is called Tibetan Stupa.     

Uspensky,Vladimir L., Tibetskiy Buddizm v Pekine （Tibetan Buddhism in Beijing）

The new book by Vladimir Uspensky （alternatively, Uspenskiy）, Professor and Chair of the Department of Mongolian and Tibetan Studies, Faculty of Asian and African Studies of Saint Petersburg State University （Russia）, deals with various aspects in the history of Tibetan Buddhism in Beijing; the time is mainly the period from the middle seventeenth to the early twentieth century. During the reign of the Qing dynasty, the ruling class, namely Manchu and Mongolian nobility, patronized Tibetan Buddhism. This aspect of Qing history is studied too little in Chinese and foreign works, and Uspensky＇s book fills this lacuna. One can see that the author successfully achieved his aim, as he has drawn a vivid picture of institutions and cultural activity among Tibetan Buddhists in Beijing.     

THE MODERNIZATION OF TIBETAN OPERA——As exemplified by the Tibetan Opera Group of the Tibet Autonomous Region

<正>Traditional Tibetan opera is classified into two categories-the folkloric Tibetan opera,which is popular in the secular world,and refined Tibetan opera that pervades in upper-class society and Tibetan Buddhist monasteries. These two aspects of Tibetan opera mainly showcase the contents and themes of Tibetan Buddhism in order to reflect