走出中国美国史研究的困境——以中国的美国革命史叙述为例

由于中国的美国史研究存在着一种厚今薄古的倾向,中国的美国革命史研究长期以来一直是中国美国史研究的薄弱环节.在中国,关于美国革命历史的研究文章数量十分有限,专著更是寥寥无几.即便是在这些有限的叙述中,还存在着不少令人遗憾的问题.这些问题到目前为止并没有得到学术上的反思和讨论,它们仍然在不同程度地制约着当下的中国美国史研究.本文试图以对这个领域中所存在的几个具体问题的观察和思考,提出一点个人的看法,以期引起学界同人的讨论和批评.     

摩洛哥彩色的童话

在非洲大陆的西北角,有这么一个奇妙国度,她四面“环海”:东南背靠撒哈拉大沙海,西临浩浩大西洋,北依地中海直布罗陀.她七彩缤纷,眩目多姿:从马拉喀什雕梁画栋的千姿百态到古城菲斯的天方夜谭,从卡萨布兰卡大清真寺的万般惊艳到梅克内斯的惊喜满途,从撒哈拉沙漠的漫漫黄沙到直布罗陀的天涯海角,更有舍夫沙万的梦幻蓝彩和艾西拉艺术小清新.毫不夸张的说,其万千姿彩绝对超出一般人的想象.     

蔚蓝大海的召唤

碧海蓝天、椰林环绕、洁白沙滩、海风习习、浩瀚星空、浪声阵阵……这些耳熟能详的大海代名词给了大家无限的向往.事实上,大海的美很难用笔墨形容,那片无限的湛蓝总是给人无尽的想象.转瞬间,我们已经步入艳阳高照的盛夏,你也许已经开始了自己的度假规划,可是没有大海的夏天显然是不完整的,面对这片蔚蓝,吹着温柔的海风,怎能不心生向往?而对于海边旅行而言,选对岛屿和酒店就成功了80％,所以美轮美奂的风景和酒店的品质直接决定了旅行的成功与否.     

铁路之上看南亚

每个去斯里兰卡的游客都渴望去乘坐一回海边火车或者山地火车,去体验一回曾经的古老的殖民地风情;孟加拉的火车,吸引了全球各地的摄影爱好者前来拍摄;相比较而言,尼泊尔境内的“国际列车”,则鲜有人知了.这三国几乎可以代表整个南亚的火车特色和状况,它不仅是当地人的交通工具,还是游客体验当地风土人情的人文景观,我在乘坐之中,经常可以碰到一些非常有意思的人和事.     

翡冷翠 百花深处的托斯卡那

来到翡冷翠的那天,是个典型的托斯卡那的天气:蓝天白云、阳光明媚。很早就听说了托斯卡那,真正对她着迷,是在看了贝托鲁奇的《盗美人》和安东尼奥尼的《云上的日子》之后。比比皆是的艺术品、大理石的建筑和著名的雕塑、色彩鲜艳的墙壁、深绿色的百页窗、深红的屋顶、田野上长身玉立的柏树、街道两边古老的店铺、马车的铃声叮叮响在耳旁……一切又把我带回了那部萦绕心头已久的电影里!     

这个世界巧夺天工

矗立于中亚的帕米尔高原,与东南的青藏高原连为一体,构成平均海拔4000米以上的高亚洲.在帕米尔周围延伸出五大山系:东北的天山山脉,东南的昆仑山脉、喀喇昆仑山脉和喜马拉雅山脉,西南的兴都库什山脉,地理学家称之为帕米尔山结. 帕米尔高原具有一些矛盾的特性,她既偏远又中心,既是险阻又是通衢,对于中国人来说,她是辽阔国境最西部的一个高原;然而,纯粹从地理的角度看,她位于欧亚大陆的中心偏南,恰似心脏般强壮和耀眼,将亚洲大陆分割成东亚、南亚、西亚和北亚几个独立的地区,画地作狱,天各一方;同时,她又提供了一条条隐秘而坚韧的通道,让各地声气相通,是引人瞩目的交通枢纽.     

佩奇 昔日辉煌重现

正佩奇(Pecs)是匈牙利中南部的重镇,也被旅行者认为是匈牙利最具吸引力的城市之一,我们被它两千多年的历史吸引而来,也是为这里的世界文化遗产而来。匈牙利的地域并不算辽阔,从北部的布达佩斯开车到中南部的佩奇不过200公里的距离,再往南100公里就出了国境线了。一路上大部分地区是高速,穿行在成片的农田之中。佩奇的历史城区被成片地保护下来,并且划为步行区,我们订了老城区里面的酒店,把     

爱上四季 让旅途升温的好酒店

在一首古老的马尔代夫民谣中曾这样唱道: “在辽阔的印度洋地平线上生长着绿色的棕榈,这是我的故乡,这是马尔代夫;在清澈的蓝色海洋上,我们像珍珠般生长,这是我的故乡,这是马尔代夫.” 在这里不仅有着蔚蓝色的海洋、青绿色的礁石、白色的海滩和茂密的棕榈树,长久以来这里的人们过着田园牧歌式的生活.无论你来过多少次马尔代夫,或者是第一次来到这里,如果想留下一个美好的印象,那么入住马尔代夫的大、小四季酒店真的是一个再好不过的选择.这是联排别墅掩映下的一处私密隐逸圣地,踏上小岛那一刻,就犹如走进了天堂般的后花园,一切似乎都显得如此简单、自然.     

大理诗意村庄

一路向西去大理 夜空忽然下起了绵密的小雨,石板路上泛着喜悦的光,街旁的每一个门窗都像各具风情的小戏台,演员们或已上场,或在幕后等待.他们在喝酒、谈情、看书、购物、唱歌……四周充满了自由和安宁的气息.今夜,我的耳畔响起许巍的《温暖》:我坐在我的房间,翻看着你的相片,又让我想到了大理……     

观鸟无小事之“老鸟”被训记

正奇特的语言和文字,从印度洋吹来的温润的风,未知而又丰富的生物,召唤着我,踏进了那滴在印度洋上的泪珠——斯里兰卡。虽然语言文字不同,迎接着不同大洋吹来的风,但是我坚信,对于爱鸟,任何地方的观鸟人都会没有异议地表示赞同。因为只有它们,才能为我们的大自然点缀上最靓丽的一朵会跳跃、会飞翔的花朵。至于我印象最深刻的关于爱鸟的一件事,曾以为,小朋友对爱护鸟类这种事情是还没有概念的,但是我经过这件事之后,发现我错了,这件事在平常人眼中看是一件小事,而在我看来,它的     

THE TIME OF THE SELF AND THE TIME OF THE OTHER

What is time? This essay offers an attempt to think again about this oldest of philosophical questions by engaging David Hoy's recent book, The Time of Our Lives: A Critical History of Temporality, which proposes a “history of time‐consciousness” in twentieth‐century European philosophy. Hoy's book traces the turn‐of‐the‐century debate between Husserl and Bergson about the different senses of time across the various configurations of hermeneutics, deconstruction, poststructuralism, and feminist theory. For him, what is at stake in such a project is to distinguish between the scientific‐objective “time of the universe” and the phenomenology of human temporality, “the time of our lives.” Hoy's approach is to organize his book around the three tenses of time—past/present/future—and to view objective‐scientific time as derived from the more primordial forms of temporalizing lived experience that occur in our interpretation of time. In my reading of Hoy's work, I attempt to explore how “time” (lived, experiential, phenomenological) can be read not in terms of “consciousness” (Hoy's thematic), but in terms of the self's relationship with an Other. That is, my aim is less to establish a continental tradition about time‐consciousness, understood through the methods of genealogy, phenomenology, or critical theory, than it is to situate the problem of time in terms of an ethics of the Other. In simple terms, I read Hoy's project as too bound up with an egological interpretation of consciousness. By reflecting on time through the relationship to the Other rather than as a mode of the self's own “time‐consciousness,” I attempt to think through the ethical consequences for understanding temporality and its connection to justice.     

人地关系观、规划观的历史轨迹初探——兼论城市规划观的未来趋向

本文探讨了人地关系观及规划观的历史演变,结合后现代主义思潮,对城市规划今后发展方向提出一系列建议。     

THE LOCATION OF THE TREASURY OF ATREUS

Summary.   The Treasury of Atreus, the largest and most impressive of the nine tholos tombs found at Mycenae, stands by itself at the southern edge of a bowl in the east slope of the Panagia ridge. This paper argues that the tomb was constructed on this particular spot so that it would be seen from the trackways/roads that led to Mycenae from the east, south-east and south-west and from the main pathway to the palace. The view of the acropolis hill and Mt. Profitis Ilias from the space occupied by the earthen mound above the tholos also appears to have influenced the choice of location. It is suggested that the position of the Treasury of Atreus was, like the tomb itself, a political statement, calculated to show that the ruler who built the tomb succeeded in extending the territory of Mycenae across the central Argolid.     

THE CENTENNIAL OF THE FOUNDING OF THE ASKANIYA-NOVA NATURE RESERVE

This article traces the history of the creation and early precarious existence of the oldest Soviet nature reserve, Askaniya-Nova in the Ukraine, and represents part of the ongoing Soviet re-assessment of environmental history in that country (for a Western view, see [60]). It describes the protracted conflict between preservationist and utilitarian perspectives on land use in the reserve, the latter gaining ascendancy during the 1930s under Lysenko and Stalin. Of special interest is coverage of post-war “restoration” at the reserve, or more specifically, the continuation of less than ideal conditions up to the present (translated by Elliott B. Urdang, Providence, RI 02906).     

“中华民国中央银行钞票”揭秘

“中华民国中央银行钞票”存世极少,十分珍贵。其面值见有壹元、五元两种(插二下),其中壹元票长144,宽89mm;五元票长160,宽92mm。钞票正面,上端均为篆书“中华民国中央银行钞票”、下侧均有篆书“中央银行发行”字样,中间则分别为隶书“壹元”或“五元”之面值,四角分别有“壹”和“1”或“五”和“5”的面值数,底纹均为由无数“中央银行”小字纵向排列而成的放光芒图案;钞票背面,中间分别为“壹元”或“五元”面值,面值两侧分别有“1”或“5”字面值数。吴筹中先生曾在1990年第三期《中国钱币》上刊出过一张五元票的黑白图版,当时他认为是…     

PROBLEMS OF THE LEVEL OF THE CASPIAN AND THE STABILITY OF ITS SHORELINE

The first of two papers on the problem of forecasting the level of the Caspian Sea evaluates factors widely believed to have been responsible for its lowering during much of the present century (including tectonic movements, climatic cycles, human activity). It concludes that previous forecasts have been inaccurate because of the failure to adequately model the complexity of processes involved, specifically the internal mechanisms of “self-regulation” of water levels. Continuation of the recent slight rise in the Caspian's level is predicted at least into the early 1990s (translated by Andrew R. Bond).     

THE STATUE OF THE GOODESS OF MERCY

TheGoddessofMercyinthePotalaPalace,measuring93cmhighand10cmwide,enjoysfameasgreatasthestatueofSakyamuni,thefounderofBuddhismintheJokhangMonaSteryThisisbecausetheTibetansbelievetheGoddessofMercyisthegoddessfromwhomSongtsanGambowasreincamatedtosavetheTibetans.CreatedintheearlydaysoftheTuboKingdom,thestatuehasbeenstandinginthePotalaPalaceformorethan1,360years.Althoughitsufferedfromtheransackingthatfollowedeachwar,itwasretumedtothepalacemiraculouslyintheend.DuringthereignofTuboKingDarmaW…     

尼罗河畔文明物语

<正>尼罗河是埃及的母亲河,准确说更是生命线,一条郁郁葱葱的绿色生命线,置于茫茫的沙漠之中。埃及90%的人口,生活在这全国1/30国土的尼罗河畔。这条河见证了埃及古老文明的形成和兴旺,主导了两岸生灵的繁荣与衰落。跟随这条河,人们在历史的时空穿梭,跨过河上河下,遍看古代现代,游走神庙田舍,拥抱沙漠绿洲。我们在阿斯旺下火车,行李直接就送到斯蒂芬妮游轮了,我们要在尼罗河上航行三日,这是期盼许久的心念。有多久呢?算起来有40年了。自从1978年电影《尼罗河上的惨案》