《竹书纪年》与晋唐间的史学

西晋初年出土的《竹书纪年》不但补充了传世文献的记载,更因其内容与儒家经典在叙述与认识上的差异,激发了人们对史学自身的反思。晋唐之际的学者利用《纪年》核准文献、考证史实,同时也引起了关于经史关系、史体史例、疑古证经等一系列问题的探究,从而对晋唐间史学的发展带来了深刻的影响。     

汉唐受降城与胡汉交融

受降城地处胡汉分界,又为游牧、农耕民族经济交汇之要区,因而在汉唐时期的民族关系中发挥了重要作用。受降城在唐诗及汉唐文献中多有出现,因其独特的地理位置,中原王朝与西北少数民族或战或和的民族关系皆在受降城留下了历史烙印,因而利用唐诗及汉唐文献对其进行考证,以窥当时之民族关系,实有必要。     

张继与第一次国共合作

张继是中国近现代史上一位极其复杂与富于传奇色彩的历史人物。他是清末中国最早的留日学生,又是中国最早的无政府主义者。更为重要的是,他是最早投身辛亥革命的民主战士与同盟会的发起人,是中国国民党著名的元老,因而曾被毛泽东誉为“中国革命的老辈”~①。就是这样一个人,在１９２２－１９２７年国共两党第一次合作与破裂的过程中,曾起过非常重要又非常复杂、极富典型意义的作用。他先是积极倡导,奔走联络,鼓吹不遗余力;但曾几何时,他又带头发难,肆行破坏,锋芒毕露,变化迅速,前后判若两人。可以说,再没有一个人象张继那样…     

坚守立场 提升品位——贺《史学月刊》50周年

在我孤陋寡闻的印象中,一份学术刊物能坚持50年的,不说是绝无仅有,也应称凤毛麟角了。可喜可贺的是,《史学月刊》就是中国学坛上这样卓异的刊物之一。作为长期受惠于《史学月刊》的读者和作者,在这喜庆的日子,应该说点什么呢?我来到学校图书馆,看到的是宽宽一排饱经岁月沧桑的历年杂志,静静地立在期刊阅览室的书架上。将它们一一抽出,摩娑披览,一时间竟感怀良多。从一份省级史学分会内部交换研究心得的通讯,到在国内学术界有重要地位、在国际上也有一定影响的全国中文核心期刊,其间的曲折艰难,不说也罢;     

封还词头与北宋的封驳制度

封还词头这一封驳方式发端于唐代,形成于北宋仁宗朝,主要由中书舍人职掌。北宋的封驳制度发展为以中书舍人封还词头为主、给事中封驳为辅的模式,是三省制转变为一省制过程中封驳制度的必然转变。中书舍人封还词头,对于修正人事决策有着十分积极的意义,相较于单一的给事中封驳,无疑也是制度上的进步。但对于封还词头的作用仍不可高估,因为这一行政程序并不能从根本上左右决策。     

Hayden White (and the Content and the Form and Everyone Else) at the AHA

The special session at the January 1997 annual meeting of the American Historical Association honoring the achievement of Hayden White and examining the impact and influence of his work on the historical discipline was an enlightening experience, at least to this participant, in many more ways than had been planned or promised. The session itself, albeit fairly routine by the standard of such occasions, seemed to take on a meta-narrative of its own as each of the speakers (not excluding the honoree who was present and participating) confidently spoke at length, proceeding from deep premises which bore no relation to any of the others. My own initial anticipation that this event would produce limited variations on a coherent theme—the impact of the linguistic turn and of narrative theory in particular on the practice and self-definition of academic history—turned gradually to rather disconcerted bemusement, especially when my turn came to listen to myself.
My previous engagement to report on the AHA session in a paper for the Center for the Humanities at Wesleyan University became an opportunity to confide some of my freshest reactions to the event in a fairly small and very select audience. Narrating the ephemeral metanarrative I perceived as spinning itself out over the blunter facts of the AHA occasion, turned out to be the inner topic of my Wesleyan paper (this present essay), not excluding the mysterious impulses of the audience and the existential atmosphere of the never to be forgotten Princess Ballroom.     

朝野纠葛:北京政府时期的舆论与外交--以关税特别会议为个案的考察

关于北京政府时期的外交,尽管学术界近来已开始有了较为客观的评价,不过对于其背后因素的考察还有待深入。实际上,在北京政府时期,由于特殊的时代背景,各种社会舆论被全面动员起来,以汹涌澎湃之势冲击着外交这一特殊的政治领域,从而形成了近代史上国民外交的黄金时期。于是,由于中央政府统治的虚弱,在其决策者进行外交运作时,就处处受到来自舆论界的影响,这是一个极为明显的历史特色,通过对当时舆论的考察,就会更深层次地探究北京政府外交的两难境地。笔者在考察时,主要以关税特别会议为个案,以上海舆论为核心,以《申报》、《东方杂志》等报刊为第一手资料。     

论建国前后党和政府对私营工商业的政策

新中国建立前后,党和政府对私营工商业的政策经历了一个从利用到消灭的演变过程,而政策的实施既有成功的一面,也有失误的一面,产生失误的主要原因则是认识上出了偏差,对此有必要进行深刻的反思。     

The Association of the Lady and the Unicorn,and the Hunting Mythology of the Caucasus

Written evidence from the hunting folk literature of the Caucasus is presented together with the suggestion that the origin of the unicorn lies in hunting mythology and that remnants of it are to be seen in the figures in "The Lady and the Unicorn" tapestries in France.     

在神圣和凡俗之间--关于日本地藏菩萨信仰的文化思考

信仰往往与特定的仪式联系在一起,而“仪式,通常被界定为象征性的、表演性的、由文化传统所规定的一整套行为方式。它可以是神圣的也可以是凡俗的活动,这类活动经常被功能性地解释为在特定群体或文化中沟通(人与神之间,人与人之间)、过渡(社会类别的、地域的、生命周期的)、强化秩序及整合社会的方式。”     

Charles the bold and the crusade: politics and propaganda

The pressures on Charles the Bold (duke of Burgundy from 1467 to his death in 1477) to lead, or lend his support to, a crusade were many. His Italian allies and the papacy all pleaded for his help and participation; and these appeals were augmented by the exhortation contained in much of the literature popular at the Burgundian court and by the presence there of refugees from the East.Charles's response was mixed. Political and moral pressures made it impossible for him to ignore the question of the crusade, but, even if his attitude should be characterized as cautious rather than as indifferent, he never did go on crusade. Equally, however, he repeatedly justified his comparative inaction and, at the same time, made propaganda against his enemies by suggesting that their hostility alone prevented him from embarking on an expedition to drive back the infidel.This response, since it was not untypical of the princes of his generation, helps explain the West's failure to unite against the Turks. From the point of view of Burgundian history, Charles's cautious attitude towards the crusade tends to support the revisionists who argue that he was far less ‘rash’ than the traditional historical view allows.     

Charles the bold and the crusade: politics and propaganda

The pressures on Charles the Bold (duke of Burgundy from 1467 to his death in 1477) to lead, or lend his support to, a crusade were many. His Italian allies and the papacy all pleaded for his help and participation; and these appeals were augmented by the exhortation contained in much of the literature popular at the Burgundian court and by the presence there of refugees from the East.Charles's response was mixed. Political and moral pressures made it impossible for him to ignore the question of the crusade, but, even if his attitude should be characterized as cautious rather than as indifferent, he never did go on crusade. Equally, however, he repeatedly justified his comparative inaction and, at the same time, made propaganda against his enemies by suggesting that their hostility alone prevented him from embarking on an expedition to drive back the infidel.This response, since it was not untypical of the princes of his generation, helps explain the West's failure to unite against the Turks. From the point of view of Burgundian history, Charles's cautious attitude towards the crusade tends to support the revisionists who argue that he was far less ‘rash’ than the traditional historical view allows.     

从早期佛像看佛教艺术东传及中西方文化交流

实物遗存及考古资料证明了佛教艺术经西域逐步传入我国,由初期的神佛共敬到模仿吸收、交流融合,最后逐渐摆脱了外来式样的影响,走向民族化、世俗化的创作形式,形成了一种独到而完美的艺术体系,对世界佛教艺术产生了重大影响。     

“八风” 与五行、八卦

五行与八方意义之八风及八卦的结合当始于西汉;八风在节气意义上与八卦发生关系不会早于秦汉之间;其于卦气相联系乃西汉之事。故以为《说卦传》之八卦方位说已包含了五行是不合实际的,笼统地讲八风说与八卦方位说相表里是缺乏时间概念的,而将先秦文献中关于八风的说法视同卦气也是无根据的。     

Freedom and the Responsibility of Science Science and the Public

Abstract

Academic essays in Germany either start or end with a citation from Goethe. I cannot refrain from this tradition as I have in mind three lines which described the situation in his time and during the last century, but which no longer hold true in our changing world. This is not easy to accept, especially for a scientist.     

Australia and the promise and the perils of humanitarian diplomacy

ABSTRACT

Humanitarian diplomacy has always been a crucial element of humanitarianism, however it is now becoming a more prominent element of states’ foreign policies. It holds many attractions and much promise. It provides states with a way of expressing important qualities of international empathy and solidarity and can also enhance a state’s international reputation and provide valuable means for building relationship of trust and cooperation. This can in turn can be conducive to a state’s broader foreign policy objectives. However, there are also perils to the incorporation of humanitarian diplomacy into a state’s foreign policy. It can generate ambiguity and even conflict within a state’s diplomatic endeavours due to tensions between humanitarian and broader national interests. In exploring these issues it is useful to distinguish between humanitarian diplomacy and humanitarianism as diplomacy. This article explores these issues in relations to Australia’s diplomacy. It argues that Australia has actively engaged in humanitarian diplomacy and humanitarianism as diplomacy. Whilst the two are often complementary, there are areas in which they have been in tension and even at odds. This has implications for Australia’s international reputation but also for its capacity to undertake genuine and effective humanitarian action.     

论五代两宋时期北方山水画的特点

唐末至南宋是中国历史上政治相对混乱、战争频繁的时期,动乱的社会现状深深地影响了当时的绘画创作,主要表现为山水画创作的勃兴。其中荆浩、关仝、李成、范宽等人的山水创作,奠定了当时北方山水画发展的基础。