二十世纪二三十年代“上海模式”对重庆的冲击

民国重庆城市现代化起步于刘湘“军人干政”时期。而川江航运的繁荣,城市精英的觉醒以及刘湘政权的若干举措,为“上海模式”输入重庆提供了重要条件。作为后发外生型条约体系城市,重庆的现代化不仅依靠西方现代性要素的刺激,而且更直接地受到“上海模式”的辐射和拉动。“军人干政”的负面效应致使以“上海模式”为蓝本的重庆城市现代化呈现畸变态势。在“上海模式”的冲击下,在本社会还缺少现代性因素积累的情况下,重庆城市现代化于20年代末期启动。     

20世纪二三十年代安徽小学教员及其生计初探

19世纪末以来,随着现代教育的发展,教师逐渐成为一个新兴的职业群体。20世纪二三十年代,在安徽从事初等教育的主要是一个以中等学校毕业为主的男性群体。他们接受的是现代科学的训练,尽管学历不高,年龄不大,但却是乡村社会中的知识传播精英。他们收入微薄,繁重的生活压力与工作负担使得他们最终成为乡村革命的播火者。     

1920-1930年代国家主义派之内在文化理路

“醒狮运动”之初,国家主义派致力建构中西杂糅之文化保守主义体系,以为其运动之意识形态。其现代学理厥为以欧陆玄学为基础的历史文化哲学,及玄学之反动———实证哲学及实证学科(包括实证主义历史学、社会学、人类学、生物学、心理学等)。玄学与实证本相冲突,且因移植国家主义之中西时空错位,导致醒狮派理论之困境及内在紧张,并驱动其由消极强调国家主义之自在性,走向积极营建“新理性主义”哲学体系。玄学向为文化保守主义之壁垒,而实证主义之科学、进化精神及反玄学倾向,则促使醒狮派呼唤并回归“五四精神”,走向文化激进主义。     

20世纪二三十年代豫西南豪绅政治的特点及其实质

在20世纪二三十年代,豫西南地方豪绅通过掌握地方武装,牢固控制当地社会资源,建立起"自治"或"半自治"式的地方政权,当地社会结构日益呈现暴力倾向。新的豪绅政权不但未能改变当地畸形的社会结构,反而进一步恶化了当地的社会生态。     

Irish Female Emigration in the 1930s: Transgressing space and culture

Following the establishment of the Irish Free State in the 1920s, the continuing levels of emigration from Ireland came as a disappointment to many who believed that British colonialism had caused and perpetuated the emigration problem. Within this context, there was a need to explain emigration in ways that deflected blame away from the new state authorities. In this article, the author contributes to a gendered analysis of these shifting constructions of emigration. Drawing upon Irish newspapers of the period, she suggests that the figure of the 'emigrant girl' was central to post-colonial discourses on emigration. During the 1930s, the emigration of thousands of young Irish women to English cities such as London sparked widespread comment and criticism. The Irish press and the Catholic hierarchy in particular propagated an image of these vulnerable young women as lost and alone in the big, bad cities of England. The author analyses the ways in which the 'emigrant girl' embodied specific representations of place, culture and gendered identity; the 'emigrant girl' embodied an Irishness marked by religion, culture and landscape. Through her transgression of physical, cultural and religious spaces, she encountered loneliness, danger and the risk of denationalisation.     

理性的追求：抗战前浙江农民经营副业管窥

中国农民千百年来的生存之道是＂安全第一＂。抗战前浙江农民以种粮为主业,收入有限而支出庞大,必须寻求副业收入加以平衡。显然副业已成为浙江农民生存的＂安全阀＂,他们根据市场的刺激和机会理性地配置副业资源来寻求最大收益,以保证安全的最大化。但随着三十年代以降影响市场景气指数的各种不利因素的叠加,副业衰落,＂安全阀＂失效,农民生活恶化,农村经济破产。     

Red Vienna and municipal socialism in Tel Aviv 1925–1928

Urban development and the formation of urban social landscapes are not simply the outcome of market forces and localised political decisions. Social ideologies constituted major factors in city development and the formation of urban society in both Vienna and Tel-Aviv. The model of municipal socialism practiced in Vienna, based on an egalitarian, progressive, allocation of municipal services, left a deep impression in Vienna's urban landscape. The duplication of this model in Tel-Aviv of the 1920s resulted from an attempt at viewing the city in Palestine as being part of the formation of the pioneering settlement map. The application of the model to Tel-Aviv was not overtly successful, partly because of the lack of support shown by the Mandate Administration and legal system for Palestine's workers, and partly because of the weakness of the worker's urban movement.     

从"再造"国民党到"以党治国":论20年代末至30年代初孙科的政治主张

1927年国共分裂后,国民党开始了新一轮的权力重组的过程,蒋介石凭借军事实力,很快占据了国民党的权力中心.     

Spatial Reach of Office Firms: Case Study in the Metropolitan CBD of Tel Aviv, Israel

This paper, using the CBD of metropolitan Tel Aviv, Israel, as a case study, discloses the spatial range of linkages of office firms, situated in newly built office towers. The linkages explored, from the results of a sample of 120 office firms, are those held by office firms with clients, suppliers of goods and services, and with other service firms as partners or as subcontractors. The magnitude of the linkages is revealed in the context of Israel's recent entry into the post-industrial age and its rapid affiliation with the global economy, accompanied by functional restructuring of the service economy. It is also visible in the built environment of Tel Aviv, with large-scale construction of over thirty Class A office tower buildings. Complex spatial interrelationships are found, extending from their immediate metropolitan environment toward the world's leading economic centres. Future avenues of research are explored.     

从洛迦诺公约看20世纪20年代美国的欧洲安全政策

一战后的欧洲安全问题是影响两战之间欧洲政治、经济稳定的重大问题之一。20世纪20年代初期,美国在欧洲安全问题上实行不介入、不承担政治责任的孤立主义政策。美国的这一政策成为促使欧洲安全问题复杂化的主要因素之一,因此而引起的欧洲动荡局势危及美国的经济利益。因此,20世纪20年代中期,美国在坚持原有政策基本原则的基础上进行了一些政策调整,以维护其在欧洲的经济利益。主要表现为：在欧洲安全问题上实行官方不参与,不承担政治责任,但以经济的、非官方的形式参与。1925年美国在洛迦诺公约形成过程中的行为充分体现了20世纪20年代美国的欧洲安全政策。     

中国现代性视野中的文化哲学——论中国20世纪30—40年代对斯宾格勒的接受与转换

德国化哲学家斯宾格勒(Oswald Spengler,1880—1936)构思了一套具有悲观色彩的化哲学。在20世纪20年代初期,斯氏的学说就被留学德国的中国青年学生介绍到中国。对当时中国颇为热闹的“东西方化论战”提供了一种理论上的参照①。30—40年代,整个世界的状况和中国特有的民族国家危机,     

"故事"与"古史":贯通20世纪二三十年代 "疑古"和"释古"的一条道路

一般认为20世纪二三十年代"疑古"与"释古"两条学术路向分别代表了破坏古史和重建古史两条不同的路线。这一看法大体成立。但二者在观念上也有不少相通乃至相同的地方。一方面,"重建派"学者在研究中也运用了与顾颉刚非常相似的"层累说"观察古史的构成,而历史研究中的"故事眼光"更成为贯穿"疑古"和"释古"的一条道路。另一方面,"疑古派"在辨伪过程中也发展出来一些与"重建派"非常相似的具有建设意义的观念,但因其给人留下的"破坏"的形象过强而被忽视了。     

20世纪二三十年代的专业期刊与史学革新

20世纪20年代末期,专业史学期刊的出现是现代史学制度化建设的重要内容.在此基础之上,民国史学在人才培养方式、学术表达方式以及传播方式等方面都有了新的变化.学术社群的凝聚力凭借期刊得到加强,史学研究的专业化、标准化、团体化趋势加快并有了实质性的内容,新兴的学术发表行为更是在一定程度上改变了民国史学研究的整体形态.但处于动荡的社会中,期刊主办者受到各种客观、主观条件的限制,加之史学界内部派系纷争,沟通不畅,二三十年代的史学期刊常常处于困境当中.     

Radar and Air Defence in the 1930s

The article sets out to demonstrate that radar played a central,but hitherto unrecognized, role in the formation of Britishair policy during the 1930s. It is generally conceived thatthe secret of radar was stumbled across, as if by accident,in early 1935, and was then employed to devastating effect inthe Battle of Britain. The article, however, shows that thedesire for an effective instrument for air defence had gestatedduring the First World Wart—when Britain sought to fightoff the Zeppelin and Gotha bombing raids—and the searchcontinued throughout the 1920s and early 1930s. Moreover, theprinciple of radar had been known since 1904, but scientificbackwardness precluded practical progress. There is detailedexamination of the intricate political manoeuvring by PrimeMinister Stanley Baldwin and others which accompanied the adoptionof radar as Britain's primary line of defence against the Luftwaffein preference to the increasingly obsolete doctrine of bomberdeterrence. In conclusion, radar was deliberately developed,and consciously conceived of, as a device that would be slottedinto a proved framework of observation and organization constructedon top of Britain's First World War air defence system.