当今日本史坛值得关注的理论动向——阐析重构日本现代史观的三种理论

本文在序言中扼要介绍了日本现代史学中的两种传统观点 ,分析了 2 0世纪70和 80年代日本学术界对传统观点的质疑以及 90年代后这种质疑发展为三种强调日本战时和战后体制存在连续性的理论———“总体战体制论”、“现代日本经济体制源流论”、“1 94 0年体制扼要论”的根本原因 ,然后分四个部分阐述了这三种理论的立论宗旨、方法论原则、基本内容以及这些理论对日本现代史研究各个领域的广泛影响及遭到的批评。在余论部分 ,作者评析了这些理论。     

Innovative Trends in Women's and Gender Studies of the National Socialist Era

The text is less a review of the new literature than a reflectionon significant and innovative current trends in the historiographyon women and gender in the National Socialist era. The firstpart deals with various women's activities within milieus andprofessions, including their room for manoeuvre: midwives, socialworkers, female Nazi functionaries, and female auxiliary workersof the Nazi Wehrmacht. The second part of the article addressesspecific features of biopolitics, targeted not only againstJews but also against asocial women, homosexuals and prostitutes.It also looks at visual images of bodies. Although the Nazistried to create strongly determined binaries to categorize ‘we’and ‘the others’ in the arts and other propagandamaterial, there existed, in fact, a broad spectrum of body images,especially among media stars. A third trend in the history ofthe Third Reich deals not only with the politics of exclusionbut also of inclusion, as found in the concept of Volksgemeinschaft(national community), a concept that had many facets, such asthe Volksfamilie, comradeship and home front. And it was themedia that had the task of ‘translating’ this conceptto the people in many appealing ways. The fourth part considersthe gendering of memories after 1945 and the dominance of malenarratives and points of view. The four parts of the articleare intended to contribute to intersectional history and thehistory of social engineering.     

从现代到后现代：当代西方历史学的新进展——帕特里克·乔伊斯教授访谈录

在后现代主义的理论支撑下 ,西方历史学正在重建自己的新概念 ;转换其研究视角 ;运用新的研究方法 ;开拓出一些全新的研究领域。乔伊斯教授从一位历史学家的视野为我们介绍了这些变化 ,重点阐释了“现代性”和“后现代性”等概念与历史学研究之间的内在关联以及新文化史的一些基本特征     

Agency,Periodisation and Change in the Gender and Women's History of Colonial India

The paper begins with a critique of the ‘imperialism‐nationalism’ paradigm and its concomitant privileging of the period 1885–1947, which has dominated the writing of modern Indian history. It is argued here that the fixation with the ‘birth‐of‐the‐nation’ theme has led to the neglect of women's agency; that it has resulted in many inconsistencies, dilemmas and unresolved issues regarding a range of topics within Indian gender‐relations; and that this periodisation inhibits the reclamation of terms such as ‘feminist’ and ‘feminism’. The second half of the essay proposes that women's agency can be recovered via a new chronology and a new template for understanding agency within which scholars will be enabled to retrieve the conscious voices of Indian women and record change in gender relations.     

Writing Gender into History and History in Gender: Creating A Nation and Australian Historiography

This paper reflects on the impact of gender in the writing of history by considering the reception of Creating A Nation, the first gendered history of Australia. It argues that while there has emerged an impressive volume of feminist history and with it has come an important acceptance of women's historical experience, the reception of ‘gender’ within the historical profession has paradoxically been ambivalent and ambiguous. This is the case because of an unease about feminist theory and its relevance to history. There also remains a prevailing belief that a gendered neutral historical place exists, to which historians can retreat.     

Women's Interests and Empowerment: Gender Planning Reconsidered

This article looks at the empowerment approach in relation to issues of women and development. After explaining why this is currently the most fruitful perspective in the field of gender planning, it then goes on to explore two central problems of the empowerment approach. The first problem is the conceptualization of women's gender interests. The distinction between women's practical and strategic gender interests was introduced by Molyneux and popularized by Moser. It is argued here that this distinction is theoretically unfounded and empirically untenable. Secondly, gender planners tend towards a preference for simplified tools and quantifiable targets. Here it is argued that women's realities should not be bent into this planning framework but that instead planners, working from an empowerment perspective, should demonstrate flexibility and theoretical grounding, and be aware of the political dimensions of their work.     

Women's history and gender history: The Italian experience

Since the early nineteenth century political opposition became a central concept of political representation in constitutional monarchies. While this concept marked the political language of unified Italy on the national level, in local administration the legitimacy of political opposition remained an issue of dispute, as illustrated in this analysis of the political language in Bologna's city council. Local perceptions of national events, like Garibaldi's unsuccessful Mentana-campaign, assumed a significant symbolic meaning and challenged traditional understandings of local administration by introducing notions of political opposition. In Bologna, the second city of the former Papal State, the Moderates were able to form a political hegemony after the Unification of Italy and remained the predominant political force also after the parliamentary revolution of 1876 and the electoral reforms of the 1880s. Due to its limited influence on the local administration, Bologna's Left defined its ideological profile earlier and more clearly than the Left in other parts of Italy and integrated issues of national importance into local political discourse. Illustrating the relationship between central administration and the periphery, the article analyses the development of political language and changing meanings of political representation on the local level between Unification and World War One.     

Gender Goes Global: Women's Lives in Transnational Perspective

Archaeologists are often remiss in publishing the results of their field excavations in a timely manner. Stanley South is one of the few archaeologists who have actually fulfilled their vow to write up or revise projects done in past decades. The early fieldwork of South, a seminal figure in historical archaeology, served as the basis for his important theoretical contributions. The publication of this early work allows scholars to examine the raw data supporting his theories and South to ease his conscience.     

近年来清代边疆民族史研究的进展和新趋势

清代边疆民族史在中国史研究中是一个牵涉面颇广的交叉型的学术领域,既涉及到清代边疆(包括海疆与陆疆)、边政研究,又包含蒙古学、藏学、满学、维吾尔学、敦煌学、中亚学等专门领域成果,还有南方诸民族研究、跨境民族研究等等,远非笔者一个人的能力所能把握.因此,为了方便,本文将相关研究成果区分为中国疆域形成及相关问题、东北地区与满族、北方地区与蒙古、西北地区各族、西藏与藏族五个部分加以评论,限于篇幅,重点将放在北方边疆民族地区、各族别史和族际关系史上,时间上则主要限于2006-2007年间发表的成果,部分研究论著适当向前追溯.缺漏、疏误之处,敬请大家教正.