Multi-image Photogrammetry for Underwater Archaeological Site Recording: An Accessible,Diver-Based Approach

This article presents a discussion of recent advances in underwater photogrammetric survey, illustrated by case studies in Scotland and Denmark between 2011 and 2013. Results from field trials are discussed with the aim of illustrating practical low-cost solutions for recording underwater archaeological sites in 3D using photogrammetry and using this data to offer enhanced recording, interpretation and analysis. We argue that the availability of integrated multi-image photogrammetry software, highly light-sensitive digital sensors and wide-aperture compact cameras, now allow for simple work flows with minimal equipment and excellent natural colour images even at depths of up to 30 m. This has changed the possibilities for underwater photogrammetric recording, which can now be done on a small scale, through the use of a single camera and automated work flow. The intention of this paper is to demonstrate the quality and versatility of the ‘one camera/ambient light/integrated software’ technique through the case studies presented and the results derived from this process. We also demonstrate how the 3D data generated can be subjected to surface analysis techniques to enhance detail and to generate data-driven fly-throughs and reconstructions, opening the door to new avenues of engagement with both specialists and the wider public.     

Mapping of an Archaeological Site at Olduvai Gorge,Tanzania

Abstract

An archaeological site at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, consists of a roughly quadrilateral surface of consolidated silt, about 25 feet by 47 feet. It shows a complex microtopography of pits and grooves. In order to record all these features a plan was made with a horizontal scale of 1:4 and contour interval of 0.1 foot (1.2 inches). The contours were interpolated between a large number of spot-heights. The positions of the spot-heights in the horizontal plane were fixed by distance measurement along the lines in a rectangular grid laid out from points on the margins of the surveyed area. The elevations of the spot-heights were determined by levelling with an automatic level. When the spot-heights had been plotted the map was mounted and taken into the field. Constant comparison was necessary to ensure that the interpolated contours provided an accurate representation of the complex topography.     

河南灵宝市五帝遗址考古勘探报告

2018年11月~12月,为从聚落层面对灵宝盆地仰韶文化时期大型遗址开展研究,河南省文物考古研究院等单位对灵宝五帝遗址进行了系统调查与勘探。结果表明,该遗址主体是一处仰韶文化中期大型聚落,南部有一条南壕沟,并发现一定数量的房址、灰坑,总面积约75万平方米。在遗址东北部还发现有庙底沟二期文化时期遗存。另外,调查发现该遗址附近有古湖相沉积,对研究该区域古环境变迁具有重要价值。     

河南灵宝市墙底遗址考古勘探报告

为深入了解灵宝盆地庙底沟二期文化大型遗址的聚落情况,2019年6~7月河南省文物考古研究院等单位对墙底遗址进行了初步勘探。结果表明,该遗址主体是一处庙底沟二期文化大型聚落,面积约70万平方米,是这一时期该区域目前发现规模最大的聚落遗址。该遗址还发现有仰韶文化、二里头文化时期的遗存。     

河南灵宝市北阳平遗址考古勘探报告

为深入认识豫西灵宝盆地仰韶文化时期大型遗址的聚落内部情况,2018年3~5月,河南省文物考古研究院等单位对河南灵宝北阳平遗址进行了系统性考古勘探。本次工作明确这是一处以仰韶文化为主体的大型聚落遗址,发现的遗迹主要有房址、壕沟等,基本搞清了聚落范围、面积、重要遗迹分布、聚落布局和功能分区等,取得了重要成果。     

统万城遗址近几年考古工作收获

本文总结了统万城2006年以来考古调查、钻探、发掘及测绘工作的收获。外郭城的调查和确认、护城壕的发现填补了人们对统万城认识的欠缺,西城西门瓮城的发掘、蒙元时期居址的发现等充实和完善了统万城的基础资料。全站仪结合GYS全球定位系统测绘、无人机低空遥感测绘为统万城的研究提供了资料。     

Evaluation of the protective shelter at Blackwater Draw Archaeological Site,New Mexico

Abstract

Blackwater Draw Archaeological Site is located in Roosevelt County, New Mexico, and is the type site for the Clovis culture which dates back 12,000 years. In 1995 the stakeholders for Blackwater Draw convened a meeting with an expert consultant to evaluate the efficacy of a protective shelter proposal. The purpose of the proposed shelter was to protect palaeo-Indian finds excavated in 1983–4 and displayed in situ. Recommendations were made and, several years later, shelter construction was completed. In 2000, the shelter as built was re-evaluated.     

Under the Boards: Archaeological Site Formation Processes at the Commissariat Store, Brisbane

The study of archaeological site formation processes, although routinely undertaken for prehistoric sites, is only carried out in historical archaeology in a limited way. Understanding the processes which formed the archaeological record of a site is an important first step towards developing justifiable inferences about past behavior and past societies regardless of the age of the site. This paper identifies and examines the cultural and non-cultural processes that formed the archaeological record at the Commissariat Store, Brisbane. The history of the site, from its construction in 1829 as part of the Moreton Bay penal settlement to the present, is examined and the expected impacts and processes on the archaeological record are identified. Archaeological evidence from the salvage excavation of the site undertaken in 1978 and 1979 is analyzed to identify the cultural and non-cultural site formation processes. This study identifies the presence of cultural formation processes including discard, loss, abandonment and re-use from an examination of the historical and archaeological evidence. Non-cultural formation processes at work in the site include faunalturbation, floralturbation, flooding, and aquaturbation.     

Comparison of Original and Modern Mortars at the Herculaneum Archaeological Site

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to evaluate mineralogical, elemental, and thermal differences among original Roman joint mortars and those used in twentieth-century restoration campaigns taken from different areas at the Herculaneum archaeological site. The purpose is to improve the compatibility of restoration mortars. Roman and modern mortars were studied with petrography, thermal analysis and x-ray fluorescence investigations. The results indicate significant differences between the Roman and modern mortars which could facilitate the degradation process. Roman mortars, in particular, were composed of a coarser aggregate which was present in a lower ratio with binder in comparison with modern mortars.     

陕西高陵杨官寨遗址H85发掘报告

2010年以来,陕西省考古研究院、中美国际田野考古学校在杨官寨遗址环壕东北角联合进行了数次考古发掘,发掘遗迹中包含一座堆积复杂、遗物丰富的庙底沟文化中晚期灰坑(H85)。根据遗迹结构、堆积状况,推测该灰坑应为一处具有居住性质的新石器时代遗存。     

周公庙遗址田野考古工作的理念与方法——2007～2008年度中国田野考古一等奖获奖项目介绍

2004年2月,陕西省考古研究所与北京大学考古文博学院联合成立周公庙考古队之始,就把判定该遗址商周时期聚落性质作为学术研究     

Archaeological Heritage Management at the Memphis and its Necropolis World Heritage Site

This research explores archaeological heritage management at the Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur World Heritage Site in Egypt. The case study methodology involved a structured questionnaire in order to gather data from key stakeholders. The results suggest only partial implementation of the World Heritage Site (WHS) management plan due in part to financial constraints, while strategies to raise visitor numbers remain limited. Actions are required to promote tourism, and to find resources for site enhancements. Current site management responsibilities appear centralised, with a need to develop an integrated management plan for the WHS. There could be better understanding of the needs of visitors and how these can be met. The study recommends development of a more Integrated Management Plan for the site, perhaps also involving some restructuring of key (state) organisations and/or specifically the creation of an entity responsible for management of the site.     

南阳黄山遗址独山玉制品调查简报

黄山遗址出土的玉制品的质地均为独山玉质,器形主要为各类生产工具,其制作大体经过了两个或两个以上工艺过程.经实地调查,黄山遗址出土的玉制品以及数百件大小玉料,均来自该遗址西南约2.5公里的独山.     

The Dynamics of Heritage-Making at an Archaeological Site in South 24 Parganas,Bengal, India

Archaeological heritage is seldom fixed in time. Heritage-making is an ongoing process deeply entwined with social/cultural memory and identity formation. These processes are traced through an archaeological monument, located in the Sundarbans, in the South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India. The monument, named ‘Jatar Deul’, is a brick tower, stylistically labelled as a rekha deul — a curvilinear tower with a cruciform ground plan —belonging to the Orissan architectural style. Its exact chronology is unknown, as is its creator, although it is stylistically dated to the thirteenth century ce. It has survived more in myths, legends, and local tradition than in historical sources. This paper explores how the monument becomes a site of memories and how multi-vocal identities are forged around the locus of the site, now revered as a sacred place of Shaiva worship. The Postcolonial State has only a marginalized presence and the main stakeholders remain non-professional archaeologists, local schoolteachers, and the local population living in close vicinity. Identity work at the site is no longer the archetypal Bengali/regional identity seen in the pre-independence context, but reflects sub-regional cultural/religious affiliations. This paper is the result of ethnographic research, particularly interviews, of select sections of the local community, focusing on the recent organization of an annual fair at the site, which has thrown up questions on archaeological tourism. On the whole, this study examines how an archaeological monument is shaped and formed in the present in contemporary South Asia.     

河南荥阳关帝庙遗址考古发现与认识

为配合南水北调中线工程建设,河南省文物考古研究所于2006年7月至2008年8月对河南荥阳关帝庙遗址进行了大面积的发掘,发现仰韶至明清多个时期的文化遗存,尤以商代晚期文化遗存最为丰富,并发掘出完整的商代晚期聚落.该聚落功能齐全,并经过比较具体的规划.保存完整的商代晚期聚落的发现及丰富的商代晚期文化遗存的大规模揭露,对了解该遗址的布局、功能、研究该遗址的聚落形态、探讨该时期的聚落结构、社会形态等,具有重要的意义.     

河南许昌灵井"许昌人"遗址考古发现与探索

本文简要介绍了河南许昌灵井"许昌人"遗址2005～2008年田野考古的一系列新发现,并着重对与之有关的现代人类起源、石工具面貌、末次冰期时人类对环境的选择与适应和今后研究工作的着力点等,进行了简要概述和讨论.     

Geophysical Methods for Wreck‐Site Monitoring: the Rapid Archaeological Site Surveying and Evaluation (RASSE) programme

Rapid advances in geophysical techniques over the past decade have provided the maritime archaeological community with significant opportunities for re‐defining the procedures for wreck‐site mapping, evaluation and monitoring. The techniques which offer most potential for high‐resolution survey are acoustic‐based and include sidescan sonar, swath‐bathymetry sonar and multibeam sonar. These techniques were tested on an artificial test‐site in Plymouth Sound and over the wreck of the Stirling Castle. Results demonstrate that the techniques can provide the maritime archaeologist with the opportunity to rapidly and cost‐effectively map and monitor small, centimetric changes on sites, with the potential for long‐term monitoring and management. © 2009 The Authors     

广州市增城区松丁山遗址先秦时期遗存发掘简报

2018年6至8月,为配合花莞高速公路建设,广州市文物考古研究院对广州市增城区松丁山遗址进行了抢救性发掘。该遗址遗存主要为先秦时期,包括墓葬、灰坑、柱洞以及陶器、石器等遗物。其中第一期遗存,兼具珠三角、粤东、粤北文化特色,为研究三地文化交流与传播提供了新的材料。     

孔头沟遗址商末周初遗存与先周文化探索

一、研究缘起与目的 先周文化的探索,目前正处于一个各家观点相持不下的阶段.造成如此僵局的原因至少包括如下三项: 其一,周原地区是探索先周文化的关键之地,可该区域时期聚落形态不清,重要聚落性质不明,从而导致对诸遗址商时期遗存与先周文化关系的认识歧见其多.     

Assessment of Visitor Management at the Archaeological Site of Umm Qais: Condition and Problems

Abstract

Umm Qais is one of the most significant archaeological tourist attractions in Jordan besides Petra and Jerash. It is also popular with locals due to its rich diversity of natural history features and landscapes. However, there has been no detailed study of approaches to visitor management at the site. This paper investigates the visitor management pressures on the site of Umm Qais, seeking to develop an understanding of the approaches that direct the process of visitor management in an archaeological site. The specific objective of this study is to identify and analyse the current visitor management measures and tools at the site. It explores issues of hard and soft visitor management through monitoring, visitor guidance, and interpretation. The study has been conducted as a qualitative case study, and its results are based on direct personal observation and discussions with the personnel that have been conducted on-site by the Jordanian authors.

Despite the visitor management applied approaches, results reveal important and continuing challenges for Umm Qais due to limited visitor monitoring, weak information, and poor restriction measures. Based on the findings of the study, some recommendations are made in order to permit the local heritage managers to develop the site and its visitor management appropriately. This is an essential process in aiding this potential World Heritage Site to update approaches and adapt to the changing circumstances related to the visitor needs for the site. This will contribute to heritage and tourism literature and practice by enhancing the knowledge of visitor management at a national level.