Record on History Traversed by Both Tibet And the Motherland──Speech at the Distribution Ceremony of Full-Length Pictorial 'Treasures'

Thisyearmarksthe50thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,andalsothe40thanniversaryoftheDemocraticReformwhichabolishedthecruelfeudalserfdominTibet.Takingthisopportunity,Iwouldliketoextendmycongratulationsonthepublicationofthefull-lengthpictorialoftheTreasuresoftheNationalitiesCulturalPalace,thePalaceMuseum,theChinaNo.1HistoricalArchive,theChinaHistoryMuseum,theArchivesoftheTibetAutonomousRegion,theCulturalRelicsAdministrationoftheTibetAutonomousRegion,theYonghegongLa…     

Following the Living Buddha Xaricang Into Tibet for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet

ＦｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｔｈｅＬｉｖｉｎｇＢｕｄｄｈａＸａｒｉｃａｎｇＩｎｔｏＴｉｂｅｔｆｏｒｔｈｅＰｅａｃｅｆｕｌＬｉｂｅｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆＴｉｂｅｔＢｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇｗｉｔｈｔｈｉｓｉｓｓｕｅ,ｗｅｃｒｅａｔｅａｎｅｗｃｏｌｕｍｎｃａｌｌｅｄＰａｓｔＭｅ...     

Feelings on the Return to Tibet

Upon the invita-tion of the ChinaNational Centerfor TibetanStudies,I attended theInternational Symposiumon Tibetology held in Bei-jing in July 2001.Of the100-odd participants,mostwere Chinese Tibetan studyworkers.Foreign scholarsnumbered only some 20,and they came from the     

Introducing the Real Tibet to the World—Speech by Radi at the China's Tibet Meeting

AdiscussionmeetinqwasheldinLhasaonthemorningofJuly25tomarktheeighthanniversaryofthelaunchingofChina'sTibetAttendingthediscussionmeetingwereleadersoftheTibetAutonomousRegion,Radi,chairmanofthePeople'sCongressoftheTibetAutonomousReqion,deliveredaspeechatthe…     

A Gift to the 50th Anniversary of the Liberation of Qamdo─On "Qamdo of Tibet: History Tradition and Modernization

Atthetimewhenthe500,000PeopleofQamdowerecelebratingthe5Othanniversaryoftheliberationoftheirarea,thebookQaIndoofnbet'Histo-ryTraditionandModemizationcameoffthepresses.WthLiGuanRwen,YangSongandGelegaschiefeditors,thebookisChina'sfirstacadendcworkexplainingthehistoryandstatusquooftheregioninasystematicway.Thebookcontainstheresultsofresearchintothetr8ditionalcultUreandmod-ernizationintheTibetan-inhabitedareasofChina,aprojectconductedundertheleadershipofGeleg.AdozenpeoplefromBeijing,Chengdu…     

Some Notes on the History of the Cardinals’ Rings

Missionary activity in the eighth century was carried out in the eastern frontier zone of the Frankish kingdom—Frisia, Hessen, Franconia, Thuringia, Bavaria. The ecclesiastical centres in Hessen, St Boniface's base area, tended to be elevated sites in strategic positions, already enclosed and in the gift of the Frankish ruling house. The re-use of fortified sites for monastic foundations echoes, and may derive from, similar use in Britain and Ireland of Roman military sites and prehistoric hill-forts. The west end of churches directly associated with St Boniface received special treatment, in one case at least as a result of influence from St Peter's, Rome.

The substance of this paper was delivered to the Institute at its meeting on 15 October 1980.     

For the Happiness Of the Tibetans──Program to Aid the Poor in Tibet

ＦｏｒｔｈｅＨａｐｐｉｎｅｓｓＯｆｔｈｅＴｉｂｅｔａｎｓ──ＰｒｏｇｒａｍｔｏＡｉｄｔｈｅＰｏｏｒｉｎＴｉｂｅｔＬＩＵＧＵＡＮＧＸＵＴｈｅｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＴｉｂｅｔＡｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓＲｅｇｉｏｎｈａｓｍａｐｐｅｄｏｕｔａｐｌａｎｔｏｓ...     

‘Who Will Write the History of Tears?’ History of Ideas and History of Emotions from Eighteenth-Century France to the Present

Summary

The aim of this article is to shed light on the methodological relationship between the history of ideas and the history of emotions, starting from the conception of weeping in the eighteenth-century French reflection. This period was critical for the defining of the modern concept of emotion because it encompassed the development of a new aesthetic and moral code centred on the exasperation of sensitivity and an exaggerated use of tears. This study brings out, in terms of methodology, the importance that the analysis of tears assumed from two points of view: on the one hand, it places the problem in a framework determined by history and culture (the object of study for the history of emotions); on the other, it recognises the unavoidable axiological and moral element that characterised crying (the object of study for the history of ideas). After a brief reconstruction of the discussion of tears in the history of emotion—from the histoire des mentalités to the ‘emotional turn’—and in the history of ideas, respectively, the article outlines some potential areas for research in an interdisciplinary perspective.     

How Should Tibet Face The New Century?──Chairman Leqoi of the Tibet Autonomous Regional Government Answers China's Tibet Questions

The year 2001 marks the first year of China's 10th Five-Year Plan.It is also a year in which the development of China's westernregion development programs is being strongly promoted. Howshould Tibet react to this situation? With this question in mind,China's Tibet reporters recently interviewed Leqoi, Chairman ofthe Government of the Tibet Autonomous Region.QUESTION:Mr. Chairman,could you please tell us whatmeasures Tibet will under thenational western region development program duri…     

Undertaking Water Projects At the Foot of Qomolangmo──Story of Tibetan Water Conservancy Worker Myingma

ＸＩＡＯＣＨＡＮＧＷＥＩＩｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｔｏｄａｙ,ｈｕｍａｎｂｅｉｎｇｓａｒｅｎｏｌｏｎｇｅｒｃｏｐｉｎｇｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｉｎａｐａｓｓｉｖｅｗａｙ．Ａｃａｓｅｉｎｐｏｉｎｔｉｓｔｈｅｗａｔｅｒｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｎｃｙｐｒｏ...     

OUTSTANDINC ACHIEVEMENTS FORETELL BRIGHT FUTURE──In celebration of the 30th Anniversary of the founding of the Tibet Autonomus Region

ＯＵＴＳＴＡＮＤＩＮＣＡＣＨＩＥＶＥＭＥＮＴＳＦＯＲＥＴＥＬＬＢＲＩＧＨＴＦＵＴＵＲＥ──Ｉｎｃｅｌｅｂｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅ３０ｔｈＡｎｎｉｖｅｒｓａｒｙｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｕｎｄｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅＴｉｂｅｔＡｕｔｏｎｏｍｕｓＲｅｇｉｏｎＴｉｂｅｔａｎｓｗ...     

The return of Xinjiang to Chinese central control during the late period of the Sino–Japanese War: a reappraisal based on Chiang Kai-shek's Diary

After the outbreak of the Pacific War, while considering taking back the Japanese-occupied areas, the Nationalist government also started to think of recovering the frontier regions, which had been somewhat out of China's control under the influence of a major ally of China, the USSR. For a long time, Xinjiang had a very close relationship with the Soviet Union under the rule of Sheng Shicai, and the central government of China had little direct control. In April of 1942, Sheng Shicai, suspicious of a Soviet conspiracy to overthrow his rule, conducted mass arrests in Xinjiang, causing a sudden deterioration in the relationship between Xinjiang and the Soviets. At first, the Soviet Union attempted to intimidate Sheng in order to prevent him from turning to the central government, but failed. Paying no heed to the alienation policy of the Soviets, the Nationalist government soon decided to buttress Sheng in an effort to place Xinjiang under centralized control. The Nationalist government first set out to take back the diplomacy of Xinjiang, followed by expropriation of formerly Soviet-controlled enterprises and forced removal of Soviet military advisors, experts, technicians and army personnel from Xinjiang. In the meantime, a large number of party, government, economic, cultural and educational personnel were dispatched by the central government to Xinjiang to infiltrate various sectors. With the weakening of his own power and increasing conflicts with the central government, Sheng Shicai planned another turn of events. By executing a new round-up, this time to cleanse Xinjiang of the central government's forces, Sheng re-oriented his regime towards the Soviet Union. Yet his gesture was turned down by the USSR because of his loss of credibility. Well prepared militarily, the Nationalist government eventually forced Sheng Shicai to leave Xinjiang, which then was almost fully restored to the authority of the central government.     

Senior Officials in Tibet Appointed by the Government of the Republic of China： Case Study of Lu Hsing-Chi and Others

After the Qing Dynasty was overthrown by the Revolution of I9II, the newly established government of the Republic of China （ROC） was confronted with a dilemma：the warlords were fighting each other and the foreign imperialists were waiting for opportunities to expand their interests in China. Even so, the new Republic government set out a series of political system reforms. As the most important part of political system, the official system directly reflected the reforms.     

The Body as Method? Reflections on the Place of the Body in Gender History

This article offers a critical examination of the term ‘body’ as an ambiguous and elusive historical concept. The first part of the essay probes the often unspecific yet seductive invocation of the body in many recent historical studies and reflects on the methodological implications of placing bodies at the heart of historical investigation. The second part analyses a particular moment of rupture in twentieth-century German history, when bodies became more powerful markers of the dichotomy between male and female citizens, namely at the end of the First World War, during the November Revolution and amidst the founding of Weimar democracy.     

Living on the Edge? Transformation of a Marginal Pleistocene Landscape Into a Settlement Area in the Northeastern Part of the Netherlands

ABSTRACT

This paper will examine settlement location during the Iron Age in the northeast part of the Netherlands, an area shaped by Pleistocene geology. In recent years, a number of Late Iron Age/Early Roman settlements situated on the low lying slopes of sand ridges and nearby stream ridges revealed traces of an earlier Iron Age occupation. Palynological data revealed that this part of the landscape was used by humans before it was transformed into an area of settlement. An analysis of excavation data from two key sites at Denekamp-De Borchert and Groningen-Helpermaar, as well as other known sites, lead to the conclusion that the transformation of ‘peripheral landscapes’ into permanent settlement locations was preceded by a phase of arable cultivation which left no trace of permanent habitation. It is also suggested that the impact of human behaviour on the natural landscape in the Early and Middle Iron Age was much bigger than previously anticipated. When excavating this type of settlement areas dating to the Late Iron Age, archaeologists must be aware that only of a small group of archaeological features exist. The proposed model for the choice of settlement location may be more widespread, because of similarities in landscape between the study area presented here and other landscapes in Northwest-Europe (e.g. parts of Germany and Denmark).