语域视角下的旅游文本翻译

语域是语言在实际使用过程中人们为达到某一特定交际目的而产生的一种语言功能变体,它是语场、语旨和语式三项参数的综合体现。在旅游文本翻译过程中,对语域三项参数的认识和把握,是译者确定翻译方法的重要因素。语场要求突显其主题信息或特色信息;语旨决定着语境信息的增加和非关联信息的删除;语式影响到修辞手段的运用。     

从法律看清朝的旗籍政策

本文讨论清朝的法律对待族群之差异,这是研究清代满汉关系的重要议题。清代统治者常说满汉一家、不分满汉,利用汉化政策掩饰,似乎看不到满汉的区别。从户籍制度的管理上可以看到,清朝统治旗人与汉人是不同的。     

1928——193O年中国国民党党员总登记

1927年4月,国民党开始“清党”,其中,党员登记是“清党”、整理党务的中心。国民党意欲通过此举纯化党员成分,强化党员意识,统计全国党员数量。经过党员总登记后,国民党党员数量、社会结构及党员分布均发生了显著的变化。     

Disease, Social Identity, and Risk: Rethinking the Geography of AIDS

The emergence of new diseases and the re-emergence of 'old' diseases necessitates a relook at what shapes vulnerability to ill health. A framework is proposed that combines a realist approach to mapping vulnerability with feminist and post-structural approaches that focus more attention upon the role of social identities and cultural framings of disease. Too often investigations of disease focus either upon structural determinants of risk such as political policy and the economy, or on discursive definitions of disease that impact its experience. A combination of these approaches would result in a more effective framework for evaluating vulnerability, and subsequently for generating effective disease prevention strategies. The social, economic, political, and cultural context of HIV/AIDS in Malawi is given as an illustration of this framework.     

从方志事业的发展，谈方志学科的建立

地方志存在于中国已经有几千年的历史,是中国独有的文化,却没有形成自己的学科。文章从地方志的特点、学科的特性分析其难度。虽有难度,但地方志应是一门独立的学科,此观点在20世纪80年代就已提出,文章引用有关“方志学科的构想”,展示方志同仁对方志学科建设的趋同认识,提出“建立一个学科的标志是什么”,比较目前地方志要作为一门独立的学科存在的困难。文章从方志学科与方志学系的关系,指出学科建设与学系建设同时进行,两者可以相互促进,并可以加快方志学科的建设。     

珍稀的清宫紫檀雕龙纹宝座

这座宝座是由台湾收藏家陈先生从美国重金购得,今秋由中贸圣佳拍卖公司自台湾征集而来,是名副其实的海外回流的宫廷文物。     

里耶古城北城壕出土户籍简牍的时代与性质

2007年,详尽报道湖南湘西里耶古城资料的考古学专刊《里耶发掘报告》出版[1],虽因资料整理与出版分工,J1出土简牍仅新公布了少许,但《报告》所发表的城址北城壕内出土户籍简牍,依然引起学界高度关注。王子今、黎石生、张荣强、尹在硕、广濑熏雄、黎明     

Reconstructing Population Density Surfaces from Areal Data: A Comparison of Tobler's Pycnophylactic Interpolation Method and Area-to-Point Kriging

We compare Tobler's pycnophylactic interpolation method with the geostatistical approach of area-to-point kriging for distributing population data collected by areal unit in 18 census tracts in Ann Arbor for 1970 to reconstruct a population density surface. In both methods, (1) the areal data are reproduced when the predicted population density is upscaled; (2) physical boundary conditions are accounted for, if they exist; and (3) inequality constraints, such as the requirement of non-negative point predictions, are satisfied. The results show that when a certain variogram model, that is, the de Wijsian model corresponding to the free-space Green's function of Laplace's equation, is used in the geostatistical approach under the same boundary condition and constraints with Tobler's approach, the predicted population density surfaces are almost identical (up to numerical errors and discretization discrepancies). The implications of these findings are twofold: (1) multiple attribute surfaces can be constructed from areal data using the geostatistical approach, depending on the particular point variogram model adopted—that variogram model need not be the one associated with Tobler's solution and (2) it is the analyst's responsibility to justify whether the smoothness criterion employed in Tobler's approach is relevant to the particular application at hand. A notable advantage of the geostatistical approach over Tobler's is that it allows reporting the uncertainty or reliability of the interpolated values, with critical implications for uncertainty propagation in spatial analysis operations.     

由旧志续志的编修特点看当前第二轮修志

第二轮修志与首轮修志不同,大多数地方采取了“修续志”的方式,即接续首轮社会主义新方志。文章拟以江苏、浙江、上海、安徽四省（直辖市）的旧志续志为研究对象,通过总结四地旧志续志的编修特点,对第二轮修志有所借鉴,进而探讨当前第二轮修志的编纂方法,包括修志方式、谋篇布局、对变化较小门类的记载、对新增或变化较快较大门类的记载、补遗、纠误等多个方面。通过借鉴旧志续志经验,为第二轮修志提供更多的理论依据和经验支持。     

The Meaning of Local in a Global Economy: The 'Region's Advocacy of Local Interests' as a Necessary Component of Current Global/Local Theories

Today's corporate strategy is resulting in the creation of a network enterprise. As geographic space is integrated in this strategy, it is not only the network enterprise that functions in a polycentric way, but also space. Therefore, a networked territory exists as another reality alongside the existing socio-political entities. In a global/local perspective, recent models of local economic development emphasize the role of the 'local' in local economic development. These theories stress the importance of socio-cultural environment, institutions and networking in local economic development. Without denying the importance of these characteristics, it is clear that even perfect 'local' conditions are not infallible localization forces. Just as globalization is not a kind of mystical force, neither are the forces of localization. To understand why there are winners and losers, localization forces must be regarded from the point of view of existing or absent common local interests and the local capacity to organize them. They are not mystical but they have very much to do with relationships of power not only within, but - resulting from the emergence of a networked territory - also outside the region. From this perspective the existence and the safeguarding of common local interests are not apparent. Local advocacy is therefore a necessity from the region's point of view.     

论传统地方志中"八景"资料的史料价值——以山西地方志为例

本文以山西地方志为例,从8个方面分析了"八景"资料的史料价值:包含丰富的乡土地理信息,含有宝贵的民俗资料,为城市建设与规划提供历史依据,能部分重构社会生活的历史画卷,能反映地方自然环境的特点及变迁过程,诗词能为考求某些问题提供佐证,为研究中国地图学史提供图像资料和有益话题,为地方志的编纂提供借鉴。对传统地方志中的八景资料动辄批评、甚至完全否定的做法欠妥,应从历史和辩证的角度评判其价值。     

交通环境、社会风气与山东地方戏的流布及地区差异

本文从历史地理的角度对山东地方戏进行了简单分析。总体来说,山东地方戏在空间分布上西部多于东部。同时,两地在戏剧的内容表现与艺术风格上亦有很大的不同,西部相对以武戏为主,风格粗犷,而东部则以表现日常生活的小戏为主,风格细腻柔和。之所以如此,主要是由于两地不同的交通地理环境与社会风气所造成的。     

第二轮志书突出地方特色之我见

衡量志书优劣的重要尺度之一是反映地方特色。第二轮志书应在篇目中体现特色,专志中突出特色,大事记中反映特色,概述中点明特色。     

Ritualism as a Disease of Religion

GODIVA OF COVENTRY. By JOAN C. LANCASTER. With a Chapter of the Folk Tradition of the Story by H. R. Ellis Davidson. Coventry Corporation, 1967. Pp. 114. Plates XVII and end papers. Obtainable from the Public Relations Officer, Council House, Coventry. 12s. 6d. Reviewed by Theo Brown.

FORMEN DER ‘VOLKSPOESIE’. By HERMANN BAUSINGER. Grundlagen der Germanistik vol. 6. Berlin (Erich Schmidt Verlag), 1968. Pp. 291. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

VOLKSÜBERLIEFERUNG. Festschrift für Kurt Ranke zur Vollendung des 60. Lebensjahres. Edited by F. Harkort, K. C. Peeters and R. Wildhaber. Göttingen (Verlag Otto Schwartz &; Co.) 1968. Pp. xiv, 607; plates 15, text ills. 4, and 3 maps. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

PSYCHE AND DEATH. By EDGAR HERZOG. Translated by David Cox and Eugene Rolfe. Hodder and Stoughton, 1966. Pp. 224.30s. Reviewed by Theo Brown.

CECIL SHARP. HIS LIFE AND WORK. By MAUD KARPELES. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1967.40s. Reviewed by Christina Hole.

SCOTTISH STUDIES Vol. 11, Parts 1 and 2; 1967. Vol. 12, Part 1. 1968. Edinburgh University. Reviewed by K. M. Briggs.

PIGS FOR THE ANCESTORS. Ritual in the Ecology of a New Guinea People. By ROY A. RAPPAPORT. (With a Foreword by A.P. Vayda.) Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1967. Pp. xx 311; one map + 16 pages of photo plates. Reviewed by J. S. Ryan.

CONTES CHOISIS. By BIRAGO DIOP. Edited by JOYCE A. HUTCHINSON. Cambridge University Press, 1967. Pp. 176. Reviewed by Jacqueline Simpson.     

从社会发展、政府职能谈地方志的未来

从用志到公共服务,通过开发利用志书,扩大方志事业的影响,稳定机构和队伍。数据库、网站、方志馆的建立更是为方志事业未来的发展打下基础。地方志是政府主修的公共文化产品,将其提供于社会,除地方志自身的努力外,还需要明确政府的职能,明确政府的责任,才可理顺公共服务这项工作的性质。所以,地方志的未来从政府职能的角度来说应是修志和公共服务双项职能共担,才能得到长久的发展。     

方志索引与读志用志

编制方志索引要体现地方特点是方志索引的应有之意,编制方志索引是为了方便读志用志,因此,方志索引的编制要从各个方面体现方便检索用志,要编出既符合索引规范又体现方志特点的索引,要注意方志索引的规范化处理工作。     

方志中的金诗拾遗

本文从方志辑得金代43人73首诗,为《中州集》、《全金诗增补中州集》、新编《全金诗》等失收。     

从历代中央政府的修志命令看 《地方志工作条例》的继承与创新

作者用比较方法对2000多年我国中央政府的修志命令,包括封建社会的诏令,民国政府的《训令》、《概要》、《办法》,中华人民共和国20世纪50年代至首轮修志国务院的《通知》、中指组的《规定》,再至新近由国务院颁布的《地方志工作条例》进行分析,认为相互间具有继承与创新的关系,这种继承创新包括文化传承与社会管理两个方面.认为封建社会中央政府的修志命令开创了官修的先河,确立了方志在中国历史文化中的地位,初步建立了中央政府对地方修志较为松散的管理.民国年间中央政府的修志命令,使地方志管理进一步系统和规范,增加了方志的科学性和实用性.中华人民共和国成立后,20世纪50年代至90年代的国务院《通知》和中指组《规定》,仍属行政命令和准行政命令组织修志,自90年代后期开始已逐渐难以适应市场经济的社会机制.作者认为《地方志工作条例》是方志编纂里程碑式的文件,由原来的依靠行政命令组织修志转入依法修志的历史新阶段.     

简析新方志有关生物学内容的编纂经验和教训

本以新方志中有关生物学的内容为例,简析编纂的经验教训和续志时应注意的问题。作从生物资源章谋篇立目的科学性、准确性,生物名称的规范化,定性、定量记述野生动植物保护资源,以及物候入志、编校偏差、编修续志诸方面进行了探讨。