信息时代区域空间结构构成要素分析

进入20世纪90年代以来,信息技术对区域与城市社会、经济及文化系统影响迅速加深,从而使区域与城市空间结构正经历着巨大的变革。本文首先回顾了经典的空间结构构成要素分析,然后对信息技术影响下的空间结构的点、线、面在内涵及形态上的相应变化进行了解释。对于点要素而言,其规模、功能、地位及不同点之间的联系都发生了变化。而线要素的变化主要表现在信息技术促使了信息流对空间结构作用的强化,不同网络之间的互动日益重要。这些又导致面要素出现了如智能区域等新的空间组合模式。最后,指出了空间结构的成长与变化是与特定社会经济环境相联系的,需要针对特定地区进行具体分析。     

北部湾城镇群空间结构及其扩张规律研究

空间结构是优化城镇群地域功能的基础。根据新型城镇化和空间结构理论,用地统计、反距离权重等空间分析方法,研究广西北部湾城镇群空间结构分异规律得出：(1)北部湾城镇群以南宁市为中心向周边呈“核心—边缘”分异格局,时空集聚性和差异性渐趋扩大。(2)大城市空间聚集和结构分异不断增大,社会、经济要素空间扩张显著快于人口、土地要素,对外贸易和吸引投资是空间扩张的核心动力,非农化增长也是重要驱动。(3)城区面积与空间结构关系最密切,但投资、贸易、GDP、非农化扩张较快,人口、土地要素空间扩张显著滞后,各要素向大城市集聚的趋势显著,结构分异趋向扩大;绝大部分属于外贸、投资扩张型城镇。应强化南宁市集聚规模,提升工业化水平,扩大区内外合作,全面融入“一带一路”和大湾区新格局。     

武汉都市圈经济社会要素流的空间分析

都市圈城际经济联系与相互作用空间表现形式为城市间、城市-区域间的人流、物流、信息流、资金流、技术流等经济社会要素流。基于城际功能集散效应影响量建立城市流模型:F=NE,揭示出:武汉都市圈各中心城市经济社会要素流强度空间差异明显,对外经济联系呈现显著规模等级分布,空间结构上已经形成以武汉为中心的"鞍形"圈层结构。通过统计数据,利用SPSS统计软件,从实证角度分析得出:武汉成为圈域经济社会要素流集散中心,城际经济社会要素流不同程度表现出以武汉为中心的"等级放射状"空间格局。     

城市空间结构增长原理

城市空间结构是城市地理学、城市规划学的核心研究内容之一。城市结构增长作为一个十分复杂的空间现象,而一直引起各方面学者的关注。本文基于对西方各学派相关研究方法及成果的系统考察,从结构增长、空间组织、增长过程三个方面,以若干具体的原理,对城市空间结构增长进行了全面、深入地阐释,研究了新经济环境、技术要素的相关影响,揭示了城市空间结构演化是建构在社会经济发展过程中的空间过程这一基本原理。本文对城市空间结构研究进行了丰富与完善。     

我国主题旅游集群的成长及其空间特征研究

主题旅游集群的形成发展,主要是受追求规模经济、游客差异性偏好和要素集聚积极推动的影响。研究分析我国主题旅游集群的成长、扩张及其空间效应,有助于主题旅游集群区决策部门加强系统规划,通过追求技术和表现形式的创新进步,通过政策环境的改善、空间结构的优化布局以及产业链延伸,从而打造极具竞争力的国际化主题旅游集群。     

甘肃经济空间结构的现状、问题与战略选择

区域经济空间结构和产业结构一样是不断发展变化的经济结构,具有向合理化和高级化变化的趋势。本文从区域经济空间结构要素的角度详细的考察了甘肃城市体系、交通体系和经济集中区的情况。其次,重点分析了甘肃经济空间结构的特征及其问题,得出了许多有意义的结论。最后,通过把区域经济空间结构理论与甘肃具体省情相结合,提出了甘肃"大十字"经济空间结构的发展战略,同时分析了实施这种发展战略的意义。     

浅谈地铁建设必要性

众所周知,地铁已成为当代大城市争相建设的宠儿,但是并不是所有大城市都适合建设地铁。需要与城市的发展规划、城市规模以及人口分布、空间结构相关。本文讨论了当代各大城市修建地铁情况,分析得出了了修建地铁应具备的必要条件。     

鲁南区域城镇体系建设研究

本文从规模结构、职能结构和空间结构等3个方面,通过定量分析和比较研究,探讨了鲁南城镇体系的特点,在此基础上,设计了鲁南"双心"型的中心城市结构,提出了各类型城镇的发展方向和强化区域城镇体系建设的对策。     

广州市城市意象空间分析

通过城市意象来分析城市空间结构是现代城市空间结构研究方法之一。本文利用对广州市279位市民进行问卷调查的方法,在论述成市意象空间理论基础上,对广州市意象空间进行了分析,包括各构成要素的出现频率,组合,变形及图形类型。确定了一套定量化指标对每份同卷进行等级化处理,用x²检验求出影响广州市城市意象空间的因素:文化程度、居住地点和交通方式。在此基础上提出广州市城市建设的建议。     

旅游吸引物空间结构分析——以中国首批国家4A级旅游区(点)为例

本文利用地理数学方法中的空间分析手段,通过对首批国家4A级旅游区(点)在不同地域范围的空间分布规律进行研究,以及对各旅游区(点)与非农业人口在20万以上的城市之间的空间关系分析,揭示了国家首批4A级旅游区(点)的空间结构整体特征,以及与不同规模客源市场之间的距离分异特征,为旅游目的地空间结构理论研究提供了基础方法。     

浅析上海市大卖场的空间区位选择

以大型超市、仓储式商场组成的大卖场是上海近几年来迅速发展的一种新型业态。在经济全球化背景下,国外的各类商业零售业将大举进入,对中国的零售业市场带来了一定的冲击和新的机遇。本文以上海大卖场为着手点,在分析了大卖场布局的区位因子的基础上,研究了上海大卖场空间布局特征从而提出了合理布局大卖场的建议。     

中国本土零售连锁超市空间扩张特征与格局研究——以永辉超市为例

连锁超市已经成为中国零售商业的主要经营业态,以中国本土大型零售连锁超市永辉超市为例,从空间扩张模式、扩张格局和区位选择等方面对零售连锁超市空间扩张特征进行研究。结果表明:伴随中国零售市场的发展和零售业的对外开放,永辉超市在1999至2013年15年间空间扩张速度递增,呈现指数型增长态势;空间扩张模式可以归纳为区域深耕式、接触式、跳跃式和复合式扩张四种,经营成熟期以后主要表现为复合式扩张;永辉超市在跨省际空间扩张中进入城市的次序与城市人口规模呈现弱的正相关性,在省域范围内,永辉超市门店的空间扩张具有首位分布趋向特征。     

城市长租公寓的空间布局与影响机制实证研究——以深圳为例

长租公寓作为住房市场的新兴业态，是贯彻国家“租购并举”住房政策的重要保障。本文以深圳为例，基于迈点研究院的数据，通过GIS空间分析工具，探讨长租公寓的空间布局及影响机制。研究表明：(1)深圳长租公寓空间布局呈现空间集聚性、距离衰减性、类型分异性特征，具体表现为紧邻中心城区的空间集聚性，从中心城区边缘向外围递减的距离衰减性，酒店、公寓、房地产系长租公寓热点区呈中心城区向外扩展态势的类型分异性；(2)地铁、超市商城、常住人口是影响长租公寓空间布局的主要因素，其影响作用存在空间异质性；(3)运用地租和新消费者理论，从供求视角构建长租公寓空间布局的影响机制。本研究可丰富新兴住房业态空间集聚模式和中国住房研究。     

Beyond the Modern Supermarket: Geographical Approaches to the Analysis of Contemporary Australian Retail Restructuring

The recent development of new supermarket forms in Australia (Woolworths Metro and Coles Express) provides important insights into the changing geographical forms of grocery retailing and consumption in Australia. Using a multi‐layered approach designed to integrate three overlapping geographical processes relevant to this issue: urban socio‐economic restructuring, shifting spatial arenas of consumption and the corporate geographies of major retailers, the paper identifies the ways that these developments decentre traditionally dominant supermarket discourses. These new supermarket forms are important because they provide a vehicle for the nation’s two pre‐eminent supermarket chains to extend their retail reach, and effect a blurring of taken‐for‐granted retail categories. Although these developments are new and tentative, they presage wider changes in the emerging geographical structures of Australian grocery retailing, and the linkages between urban spaces and modes of consumption.     

Gendering boundary work: exploring excluded spaces in supermarket job rotation

The article explores the establishment of gendering divides in organisations by bridging Hernes' (2004) typologies of physical, social and mental boundary work with notions on the practice of gender as negotiated in everyday organisational activities. In the investigated Swedish supermarket, the pre-store, a narrow, front-stage space in which only women worked, was excluded from the job rotation that otherwise dominated the organisation of work in the store. This study examines: (1) how and on what grounds the divides of the pre-store were established in the supermarket and (2) how spatial divides were incorporated into the practice of gender and work in the supermarket. The findings suggest that the divides that are visible through the exclusion of the pre-store from the job rotation involved not only the allocation of work and space but also multiple and complex physical, social and mental spatial negotiations undertaken by both employees and managers. Together, these factors neutralised the divides as an aspect of the activities. First, the notion that gender was irrelevant for organisational decisions makes gender a non-issue for the organisation of the pre-store activities. Second, the notion that women and men are essentially different provided a ground for explaining why, despite being an organisational non-issue, work and workers were in fact organised along gendered lines in the supermarket. The study contributes with qualitative insights regarding the micro-political practices that make gender into a neutralised non-issue in organisations and, in particular, the intertwinement of spatial practices and negotiations.     

EMBEDDEDNESS AND THE (RE)MAKING OF RETAIL SPACE IN THE REALM OF MULTICHANNEL RETAILING: THE CASE OF MIGROS SANAL MARKET IN TURKEY

The purpose of this article is to investigate the value of the concept of embeddedness for economic geographers. Alongside the case study of the multichannel grocery retailing brand Migros in Turkey, the spatial impacts – in relational and physical terms – of digitalization and the integration of an online shop into the profile of a supermarket chain are investigated. In applying the concept of embeddedness the article seeks to understand these complex, diverse and uneven processes of (retail) restructurings that affect different dimensions and dynamics of networks, societies and spaces. In my case study I identify two dimensions of embeddedness processes: (1) embedding the online shop in the firm's routines and practices, whereby processes of transfer of knowledge and technology dominate; and (2) embedding online shopping in the customer's routines and practices, whereby processes of adaption to consumer culture dominate. These dimensions are reflexive and as such mirror ongoing negotiation processes between the two stakeholders. On one hand multichannel retailing thus not only alters where but also how people shop, and can result in new retail spaces like pick‐up stores. On the other hand it can be shown, that the “locations”, where online shopping of Migros is available, reproduce spatial variations of socio‐economic factors, such as income distribution or population density. As such, the concept of embeddedness is useful for economic geographers – also in the realm of e‐commerce – to unravel the interconnections of societal, organizational and spatial patterns as well as their variations across space. The study is based on qualitative interviews.     

民营超市购物选择行为影响因素的模型构建与实证研究——以福州市为例

超市是购物休闲的重要场所,探究消费者购物选择行为对超市经营发展有重要作用。该研究以永辉民营连锁超市为载体,采用结构方程模型构建社区居民购物选择行为影响因素与选择行为结果之间数量关系的计量量表。研究表明:(1)福州民营超市消赞者选择行为结果受到多重因素的综合影响;(2)商品退换保证成为民营超市管理环节的重要组成部分;(3)交通便捷程度是购物行为的主要制约四素;(4)网络传媒和朋友推荐是重要的购物信息来源。该研究建立存商业地理学和行为地理学基础上,为民营企业经营决策提供科学依据。     

Re-naturalizing sugar: Narratives of place,production and consumption

This article analyses the inter-relationships among food consumption practices, marketers' representations of sugar, and the history and political economy of sugar production. It focuses on the 'supermarket narratives'--stories regarding place and production that appear on commodity packaging--used to market sugar in the USA. It explores how competition within the sweetener industry, as shaped by the material qualities of sweeteners, has given rise to supermarket narratives that seek to differentiate sugars on the basis of ideas of place, freshness and environmental sustainability. It also examines how, at the same time, sweetener users have co-operated to maintain and increase consumption in the USA. The article begins with a discussion of historical patterns of sweetener consumption in the USA, and then looks at the genesis of the primary sugar industry lobbying organization. The case study of Florida sugar producers is used to demonstrate the historical antecedents of supermarket narratives and the contemporary geographical specificity of the political economy underlying supermarket narratives.     

Analysis of Qualitative Similarity between Surfaces

This paper develops a method for analyzing surfaces with a focus on their qualitative similarity. The method describes the qualitative similarity between surfaces defined in the same region in both quantitative and qualitative ways. Given a location and a direction in the region, mathematical functions evaluate the similarity between surfaces. Integrals of the functions with respect to location and direction give quantitative measures of the total similarity between surfaces. A qualitative method uses spatial characteristics shared by surfaces: α‐peak regions, α‐pit regions, and ß‐monotonic lines. α‐peak and α‐pit regions indicate approximate locations where many surfaces have peaks and pits, respectively. ß‐monotonic lines are line segments on which most surfaces change monotonically in the same direction. Those spatial objects reveal the spatial structure shared by surfaces. The method is applied to the analysis of the daily market structure of a supermarket in Japan as an empirical study.     

Accounting for Temporal Demand Variations in Retail Location Models

This article develops and calibrates a spatial interaction model (SIM) incorporating additional temporal characteristics of consumer demand for the U.K. grocery market. SIMs have been routinely used by the retail sector for location modeling and revenue prediction and have a good record of success, especially in the supermarket/hypermarket sector. However, greater planning controls and a more competitive trading environment in recent years has forced retailers to look to new markets. This has meant a greater focus on the convenience market which creates new challenges for retail location models. In this article, we present a custom built SIM for the grocery market in West Yorkshire incorporating trading and consumer data provided by a major U.K. retailer. We show that this model works well for supermarkets and hypermarkets but poorly for convenience stores. We then build a series of new demand layers taking into account the spatial distributions of demand at the time of day that consumers are likely to use grocery stores. These new demand layers include workplace populations, university student populations and secondary school children. When these demand layers are added to the models, we see a very promising increase in the accuracy of the revenue forecasts.