最新研究表明：狗的祖先是东亚狼

狗是人类最好的朋友,它的发源地在哪里？是何时由狼演变而成的？这种演变的过程和原因是什么？狗在地球上又是怎么迁徒、发展的？美国权威的《科学》杂志不久前刊登了由瑞典、美国和中国三国科学家合作研究的有关狗的三篇科学报告,其中的一篇《家犬起源于东亚的遗传学证据》似乎给了我们答案。     

四川石窟寺中常见洞窟形制及经变相考

石窟及经变相是佛教化的产物,也是佛教艺术的重要组成部份。而四川石窟形制与中原、北方早期石窟寺一脉相承,唐以后的变相题材受其影响。洞窟形制的类型多样性,丰富了佛教石窟艺术宝库,经变相的雕刻表述了对佛教理想境界的向往,并且每个石窟都以佛界为主体,自成一个世界,隐藏着教化的历史,蕴含着神秘哲理。虽然四川石窟寺遗存不多(以摩崖龛为主),但唐以来的经变相无论是题材、数量在全国仍占优势,摩崖龛像的大量遗存,突显了蜀地化的多样性。     

Teeth of juvenile woodchucks as seasonal indicators on archaeological sites

The woodchuck, Marmota monax, a burrowing scuirid of eastern North America, was a common food animal of prehistoric peoples. Since the species has a single, brief birthing period all juveniles are at a comparable stage of development at a given time. Widths of the continuously growing incisors, development of the cheek teeth and alveoli, and loss of deciduous teeth have been determined from a sample with known dates of collection. These data are compared to juvenile woodchuck remains from an archaeological site to determine season of kill.     

The Scale of Dissimilarity: Concepts, Measurement and an Application to Socio-Economic Variation Across England and Wales

The paper considers the scale – the measure, extent, and dimension – of uneven distributions in space for a wide range of census variables. While the traditional 'index of dissimilarity' is affected by random as well as social factors, a solution presented here allows the index to be calculated even for very small populations. Small areas across England and Wales tend to be fairly similar demographically but quite diverse on ethnic and socio-economic measures. Differences between areas become more noticeable as we move from districts, to wards, to enumeration districts, but the rate of differentiation depends heavily on the variables considered.     

西部地区旅游经济空间变化趋势及影响因素研究

文章建立了一个旅游经济空间差异影响因素的分析框架,包含旅游要素投入、旅游基础设施、旅游服务设施、经济发展水平和旅游资源禀赋5个方面,并基于收敛理论的σ-收敛、β-收敛和俱乐部收敛等方法定量分析了2000～2009年西部地区旅游经济的空间变化特征及影响因素,得到如下结论:①12省(区、市)间旅游经济呈现出比较明显的σ-收敛和β-收敛趋势,表明均衡化发展的主流变化特征,但西南和西北两地区不存在俱乐部收敛;②影响因素分析显示,旅游业从业人员数量、城镇居民可支配收入和旅游资源禀赋水平对西部地区旅游经济的均衡化发展发挥了主导的推动作用,而星级酒店水平更支持旅游经济的空间集聚。在此基础上,提出了旅游经济较落后省份加快发展旅游经济、缩小区域差异的建议措施。     

北方渔猎民族养狗使狗的文化阐释

狗是北方渔猎民族的主要家畜,在生产生活中占有举足轻重的地位,并形成了狗崇拜.围绕着狗的饲养和使用,在北方渔猎民族中形成了非常丰富的文化,这些是北方渔猎民族文化的重要组成部分,本文对此做了较为系统的阐释.     

基于集对分析法（SPA）的中国旅游经济系统脆弱性测度研究

文章运用集对分析法,从旅游经济系统的敏感性和应对性两个方面构建指标体系,测度1983—2011年间中国旅游经济系统的脆弱性。研究表明：我国旅游经济系统整体上敏感性呈上升趋势、应对性呈上升趋势、脆弱性呈下降趋势;我国旅游经济系统敏感性具有高弹性,但其弹性在逐渐降低;近期,我国旅游经济系统脆弱性出现了翘尾现象,说明我国旅游经济系统发展中矛盾在增加。基于实证研究结果,文章认为：旅游经济系统脆弱性可以分为“内生性结构累积式脆弱”和“外生性环境胁迫式脆弱”两种类型;旅游经济系统脆弱性的深层压力,来源于“内生性结构累积式脆弱”的不断积累;利他性的工具性旅游产业政策,在一定程度上会加大后期旅游经济系统的脆弱性风险。     

古代西北少数民族多元文化的发展与变异

本文集中论述了古代西北 (今陕、甘、宁、青、新五省区 )少数民族多元文化发展和演变的过程。共分三部分 :(1)先秦时期西北民族的区域文化 ,分别论述西北新石器文化区域类型和先秦西北民族的区域文化 ;(2 )秦汉至北宋约一千余年间 ,西北少数民族多元文化的发展因受四周文化的影响 ,特别是佛教文化的影响 ,而发生变异 ;(3) 15— 16世纪 ,因民族的迁徙与融合 ,近现代西北少数民族及其分布格局基本形成 ,而其多元文化因伊斯兰教的传播而发生第二次变异 ,从而基本定型。     

Protocol,Potentials, and Limitations of Ancient Teeth 3D Printing

Bioarchaeological analyses of teeth rely traditionally on noninvasive methods that reveal essential information about past individuals and populations. Methodological developments have revolutionized the discipline, but their application is commonly invasive and destructive. The resulting loss of material and information can be buffered through 3D technology applications. Although useful, it is essential that we carefully assess the reliability of these methods, in order to understand what data are preserved and which ones are lost through their application. This study offers a protocol for the implementation of 3D technology in the fabrication of ancient teeth analogs. Analog accuracy was assessed by comparing metric and non-metric traits between the originals and their respective analogs. Results showed that metric traits preserved well, but the preservation of non-metric traits was partially hindered.     

变异·禁欲·共产--耶稣家庭再探析

二十世纪二十年代初 ,由敬奠瀛在山东泰安马庄创建的“耶稣家庭” ,是一个独特的宗教团体 ,它在全国发展了 12 7个“小家” ,在宗教界有广泛的影响。“耶稣家庭”是基督教的变异物 ,“家庭”中实行的禁欲主义和基督教共产主义 ,使这个宗教团体有着鲜明的个性。