La imaginacion historiografica de Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl: Etnicidades emergentes y espacios de enunciacion*

Desde mi adolescencia tuve siempre gran deseo de saber las cosas acaecidas en este Nuevo Mundo, que no fueron menos que las de los romanos, griegos, medos y otras republicas gentilicas que tuvieron fama en el universo; aunque con la mudanza de los tiempos y caida de los senorios y estados de mis pasados, quedaron sepultadas sus historias Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl     

El episodio de los Horacios y Curiacios de Tito Livio en el Poema de Mio Cid

La declamación del Cid durante las Cortes de Toledo desemboca en el sangriento enfrentamiento entre una tríada de sus mejores soldados contra tres miembros del clan de Carrión. Este combate triple responde al nuevo sistema triádico que gobierna este tercer cantar. La crítica cidiana sostiene una influencia de la épica francesa para este episodio al igual que defiende la necesidad del autor del poema por mantener un patrón triple. Sin embargo, la peculiaridad del número de combatientes y el papel que el monarca Alfonso VI como juez desempeña durante la asamblea tienen una raíz literaria. Esta pugna entre ambas tríadas y el hecho de que el rey delegue la supervisión del pleito recuerda el episodio de los Horacios y Curiacios de Tito Livio en el libro primero de su Ab urbe condita. La influencia de la obra de Tito Livio durante la Edad Media, y en concreto el éxito de este episodio belicoso, posibilita argumentar una base literaria para la confección del episodio cidiano. Así, el cambio numérico de este último cantar y la postura del rey atesoran una matriz erudita que demuestra los intereses culturales del genio creador del Poema de Mio Cid.     

Maurofilia y maurofobia en el Libro del conde de Castilla

The Poema de Fernán González (or Libro del conde de Castilla) is not a crusade song, nor is it an epic poem or a historical account commemorating the foundation of San Pedro de Arlanza Monastery. It is rather a hybrid text that employs all the literary and historical resources available around the middle of the thirteenth century to an educated poet who was intent on transmitting to future generations the memory of the Count who made possible the independence of Castile. All episodes in the poem point to Castile's unique place in history, describing through the protagonist's bellicose deeds its hegemonic ascendency as the most important kingdom of the Iberian peninsula. Its destiny is determined by the hero's combative character against all enemies, whether Christians or Moors, and more specifically by confronting the powerful kings of neighboring states León and Navarre.     

Perspectivismo Narrativo y Enjuiciamiento Social en La familia de Pascual Duarte

The phenomenal ambiguity and irony in Camilo José Cela's La familia de Pascual Duarte has led to many often differing conclusions regarding its social message. While some scholars regard its protagonist as a victim of society and of the new regime that followed the Civil War, others have argued that Pascual is the evil perpetrator of unspeakable crimes who is rightly punished by the new order. This article proposes to reconsider the picaresque nature of this novel, focusing on two features of the picaresque genre, namely its political commitment (or poética comprometida) and the determinism versus free will foil. This analysis will show that Cela replicated the Quevedian vilification of the protagonist and the Alemanian presentation of a false conversion at the end of the story with one purpose: to present Pascual as an unremorseful murderer who lived an irreligious life, killed his mother, and supported the Republican repression in his village killing the local aristocrat, before the new regime makes justice by executing him.     

Indagaciones sobre alteridad e identidad: Puntos de contacto y puntos de partida en los estudios coloniales

Implicit Understandings. Observing, reporting, and Reflecting on the Encounters Between Europeans and Other Peoples in the Early Modern Era. Edición de STUART SCHWARTZ. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Pp. xv, 637.

Coded Encounters. Writing, Gender, and Ethnicity in Colonial Latin America. Edición de FRANCISCO JAVIER CEVALLOS‐CANDAU, JEFFREY A. COLE, NINA M. SCOTT, and NICOMEDES SUAREZ‐ARAUZ. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1994. Pp. 298.

Literatura fundacional americana: El Espejo de paciencia. Por JUANA GOERGEN. Madrid: Editorial Pliegos, 1993. Pp. 142.

Cartas de relación. Por HERNAN CORTES. Edición de ANGEL DELGADO GOMEZ. Madrid: Editorial Castalia, 1993. Pp. 687.

Vitier, Cintio. 1970. Lo cubano en la poesía. La Habana: Instituto del Libro.     

Carlos Enriques Clerque as crypto-Jewish confidence man in Francisco de Seyxas y Lovera's Piratas y contrabandistas (1693)

This article considers the story of Carlos Enriques Clerque, the enigmatic instigator of the 1669–1671 John Narborough expedition to Chile, as presented in Francisco de Seyxas y Lovera's Piratas y contrabandistas, a history of piracy from 1693, first published in 2011. Locating Seyxas's account in the context of related print and archival sources, this study demonstrates how the author develops a new and singularly complete picture of Enriques Clerque's South American adventure. At the same time, this article examines how Seyxas's version of the Enriques Clerque story exemplifies a uniquely Spanish vision of piracy specific to the final years of the seventeenth century. Setting aside the violent predators featured in Northern European texts on piracy from the period, Seyxas focuses on a category of sophisticated confidence men who deploy linguistic ability and cultural knowledge to undermine Spain's commercial system overseas.     

El purgatorio de un dictador: Crisis,memoria y narrativas iconoclastas

ABSTRACT

In the autumn of 2005, the museum of Vilafranca del Penedès (Catalonia, Spain) programmed a cycle of cultural events in order to commemorate the thirtieth anniversary of Francisco Franco's death. Among them, the performative one-piece exhibition Listen, Franco! The Purgatory for a Dictator showed a bronze sculpted bust of the dictator (belonging to the museum collection) and invited citizens to freely participate and “tell to him” all they would have liked to say if they had had the opportunity to. The unusual shape of the event and the high level of participation made the exhibition become a media success. However, a last-day surprising performance experience—as a result of which the bust was “vandalized” or, should I better say, “re-signified”—became a source of reflection about the boundaries between preservation and transmission of cultural heritage, as well as about museums as places for collective elaboration of public memory. This case appears as a catalyzer of a cultural crisis that exploded after 2008, and a prefiguration a new exhibition around another sculpture of the dictator, which took place in Barcelona in 2016.     

Entre el oro y la plata: Quito,el suroccidente de la Nueva Granada y el movimiento de mercancías norandino a fines del siglo XVIII

El artículo contribuye a un análisis cuantitativo de las relaciones económicas entre la Real Audiencia de Quito y el suroccidente de la Nueva Granada a fines del siglo XVIII. A partir de un análisis sistemático de fuentes alcabalatorias, el ejercicio mide el flujo de mercancías entre ambas economías. En particular, analiza a nivel agregado y regional la estructura de los intercambios estableciendo su volumen en términos reales y nominales, su grado de concentración y su evolución en el tiempo. La investigación muestra que, a nivel agregado, la importancia recíproca de las dos economías obliga a abandonar una tradición historiográfica que ha escindido el análisis de lo que sin duda era una región fundamental del sistema económico colonial.