地上宛若人间仙境 地下仿佛艺术殿堂——探秘“盐”的奇妙世界

<正>盐,虽然看似微小,却是我们每个人日常生活不可或缺的元素,现在的盐是廉价且常见的货物,而谁能想到就在几百年前,盐却是比金子更贵重的奢侈品,甚至被称为"白金"。当你沉浸在盐带给你味蕾的刺激和满足的时候,你是否会期待着盐带给你的视觉大餐呢?中国青海的茶卡盐湖和突尼斯的吉利特沙漠盐湖,虽地处不同的生态地理环境,却一样是天地相接,宛若人间仙境;萨尔茨堡盐矿和维利奇卡盐矿,同是地下埋藏的艺术宝藏,却有着不同的神秘故事和古老传说;你听说过玻利维亚的"天空之境"——乌尤尼盐湖,却不一定体验过用盐砌成的盐酒店,那里还有着许多     

首届中国地方志年鉴奖获奖名单

综合奖一、特等奖　省级年鉴江苏年鉴 (2 0 0 4)上海年鉴 (2 0 0 3 )吉林年鉴 (2 0 0 4)湖北年鉴 (2 0 0 4)湖南年鉴 (2 0 0 4)　地市级年鉴温州年鉴 (2 0 0 4)武汉年鉴 (2 0 0 4)大连年鉴 (2 0 0 3 )西安年鉴 (2 0 0 3 )乌鲁木齐年鉴 (2 0 0 4)厦门年鉴 (2 0 0 4)杭州年鉴 (2     

寓乐于会:近代博览会与大众娱乐

近代博览会的兴起固然主要是源于商品经济与科技传播的需要,但大众娱乐文化又始终与各类博览会形影相随,成为其不可或缺的构成要素。大众娱乐是将博览会传播科技、文化功能与群众"找乐子"心态连接起来的最好形式之一,并使博览会能够吸引成千上万民众参与其中。近代中国举办的博览会充分借鉴了西方博览会的做法,加入了大量的娱乐活动,寓乐于会,寓教于乐。大众娱乐活动不仅丰富了博览会的内涵,增强了博览会对大众的吸引力,而且使博览会本身成为研究近代城市大众文化时不容忽视的重要内容之一。     

The Water Balance of the World's Continents and a Balance Estimate of the World's Freshwater Resources

The results of several years of investigation of the water balance of continents and the world's freshwater resources are presented. Through the use of interpolation relationships to make up for data gaps, maps are compiled for the basic elements of the water balance of the world: total runoff, including its surface and subsurface components, evaporation, gross wetness (soil moisture) and the coefficient of subsurface alimentation of streams, which reflects much of the stable component of streamflow. Revised estimates for the water-balance elements are offered for continents on the basis of revised data. The per capita water supply of continents is calculated, with separate listing of the stable component of runoff, consisting not only of the subsurface flow to streams but also the portion of surface streamflow that is regulated through lakes and reservoirs.     

Disposing of the World's Excess Plutonium

We undertake three key objectives in addressing the issue of plutonium disposition at the end of the Cold War. First, we estimate the total global inventory of plutonium both from weapons dismantlement and civil nuclear power reactors. Second, we review past and current policy toward handling this metal by the United States. Russia, and other key countries. Third, we evaluate the feasibility of several options (but especially the vitrification and mixed oxide fuel options announced by the Clinton administration) for disposing of the increasing amounts of plutonium available today.
To undertake this analysis, we consider both the political and scientific problems confronting policymakers in dealing with this global plutonium issue. Interview data with political and technical officials in Washington and at the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna. Austria, and empirical inventory data on plutonium from a variety of sources form the basis of our analysis.     

The World's Last Bastion Of Clean Land

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The Cold War: How the Winner Won

Books reviewed in this article:
Scott Lucas,. Freedom's War: The American Crusade Against the Soviet Union
Gregory Mitrovich, Undermining the Kremlin: America's Strategy to Subvert the Soviet Bloc, 1947–1956
Arch Puddington, Broadcasting Freedom: The Cold War Triumph of Radio Free Europe and Radio Libelrty     

Logistic Population Growth in the World's Largest Cities

This article demonstrates that recent population growth in the world's largest cities has conformed to the general parameters of the logistic process. Using data recently provided by the United Nations, logistic population growth for 485 million-person cities is analyzed at 5-year intervals during 1950–2010, with the UN projections for 2015 adopted as upper limits. A series of ordinary least-squares regression models of increasing complexity are estimated on the pooled data. In one class of models, the logarithms of population proportions are specified to be linear in time, which is the standard approach, but in a second class of models those proportions are specified as being quadratic. The most complex models control logistic growth estimates for (i) city-specific effects (e.g., initial population), (ii) nation-specific effects (e.g., economic development, age distribution of population), and (iii) global coordinates (for unobserved effects). Moreover, the results are segregated according to each city's membership in four different growth clubs, which was an important finding of previous research.     

On Natural Aquatic Complexes of the World's Oceans

The author, an exponent of the Soviet landscape school, proceeds from the assumption that the earth's natural environment is organized in terms of natural complexes that need to be identified and delimited. Landscape geographers have thus far focused on terrestrial landscapes, which occupy only 29% of the earth's surface. There is equal need for analysis of natural aquatic complexes, accounting for the remaining 71%. Aquatic complexes cannot be characterized only in terms of the sea surface; they must be analyzed in terms of the underlying water masses and their physical-chemical characteristics and organisms. Geographers working in this new branch of natural geography would require appropriate training.     

The Lashley Award

The Karl Spencer Lashley Award for Distinguished Achievement in the Neurosciences has been bestowed upon 50 of the world's leading neuroscientists of the last half century but is not well known. It originated in 1953 when Lashley accumulated excess stock holdings and established a Fund for Neurobiology with 52,000 dollars to provide small grants for neurobiological research. Several years later the assets were transferred to the American Philosophical Society to administer and convert to an award for achievement in neurobiology The nature, amount, and format of the award have evolved ever since. These changes in the award and the characteristics of its recipients are described.     

The Lashley Award

The Karl Spencer Lashley Award for Distinguished Achievement in the Neurosciences has been bestowed upon 50 of the world’s leading neuroscientists of the last half century but is not well known. It originated in 1953 when Lashley accumulated excess stock holdings and established a Fund for Neurobiology with $52,000 to provide small grants for neurobiological research. Several years later the assets were transferred to the American Philosophical Society to administer and convert to an award for achievement in neurobiology The nature, amount, and format of the award have evolved ever since. These changes in the award and the characteristics of its recipients are described.