板块集结、类目位移的利弊比较

本文通过对首轮志书与部分第二轮志书篇目的比较,认为近年部分第二轮志书篇目采取“板块集结”、“类目位移”的新做法,主要是集中加强环境、人、改革开放、三次产业、党委决策、政府管理、社区等板块,以形成规模效应;将特色事物、基础设施、综合管理、精神文明创建、重要产业前置以达到强调其重要性的效果,打破了首轮志书按照自然与社会之间、经济基础与上层建筑之间、产业结构自身之间、人与社会之间等逻辑关系安排类目,只将少数特点事物升格处理的做法。文章认为新的做法可以尝试,但必须看到板块集结部分得到加强充实的同时,削弱了产业、行业、事业这些社会本体内容的记述,造成门类分量的畸轻畸重或“志中志”。过多地用前置的方式强调事物的重要,也削弱了志书的整体性和逻辑性。作者认为,门类设置应该在继承的基础上进行创新．只有保持志书基本门类的相对稳定,保持志书门类与社会的长远发展衔接,才有利于方志学科的建设。     

关于第二轮志书风俗篇撰写的几点思考

历代史书与地方志都十分重视对风俗的记述,风俗是方志记述的重要内容,风俗篇撰写的成功与否,直接影响着志书的整体质量。但首轮新方志在记述风俗方面存在着一些不足:一是部分志书未设风俗篇;二是部分志书将一些社会不良现象及迷信作为风俗记入志书;三是将风俗篇的内容基本局限于生活习俗中的衣食住行、婚丧、节会与禁忌等内容,没有涉及社会习俗中精神风貌和思想意识方面的内容。因此,第二轮修志要做到:一是充分认识风俗篇在志书中的地位和作用,不能缺漏风俗部分的内容;二是专设传统风尚章节;三是专设新风尚章节;四是设置生产习俗和生活习俗的并列章节;五是纠正首轮记述中有关风俗的错误内容。     

谈第三轮志书宗教门类编纂

宗教是一种特殊的社会意识形态,渗透到社会生活各个方面,对整个社会的政治、经济、文化、民俗风情等都产生了一定影响。志书设置宗教门类,记述一地宗教演变的历史与现状,是志书存史、资政、育人功能的需要。编纂第三轮志书宗教门类,应从篇目设置、内容记述、资料搜集三个方面进行谋划,做到设置集中、层次适宜、分类齐全、归属恰当,基本内容要素不缺,文字资料、音像网络资料、实物资料、口碑资料兼收,全面系统地反映一地宗教演变的历史与现状。     

志书总述撰写体式探析——以宁波市首轮修志八部志书为例

志书概述位于志书之首,其功用一是从总体上记述一地基本概况和志书基本内容,二是引导读者阅读志书,提高阅读效率。"述"的记述内容和撰写手法却认识不一,难有定论。对此,笔者以首轮宁波市八部志书总述(概述)为例,探析志书总述撰写体式,提出第二轮修志当以史纲体为主,吸收门类体和特色体的优点,方能撰写出具有全局性、典型性、特色性等特征的高质量的总述。     

试谈第二轮县（市）志公、检、法部类存在问题与解决办法

已出版的第二轮县（市）志公、检、法部类主要存在事物归属不当、内容与首轮志书不承接、部门志痕迹明显、缺少以事系人4个方面问题。解决这些问题需要做到：设置合理篇目、承接首轮志书、消除部门志痕迹;记述资料全面、系统、完整;记述内容应该承接首轮门类,在继承中实现创新。创新内容主要有3个方面：反映时代特色、地方特点;显示公安、司法干警风采;体现对确保经济体制改革成果、促进地方经济发展的作用。     

第三轮志书人口门类编写浅议

人口门类是志书的重要组成部分,它反映一个地区人口发展的历史与现状。第一、二轮修志中一些志书在人口门类编写上存在归类设置不当、篇目事项缺漏、内容记述欠缺等问题,一定程度上影响到志书质量。第三轮修志中需要做到人口门类归类设置合理、篇目构建完整、内容记述全面,从而准确反映人口的本质属性,揭示人口的社会意义,实现志书存史、资政、育人的功能。     

第二轮志书记述房地产业刍议

首轮志书房地产业内容比较单薄,主要记述房地产管理,基本未涉及房地产开发与交易。第二轮志书不能沿用首轮志书模式,必须对记述内容作出相应调整,准确反映改革开放以来房地产业的发展全貌。一是设置房地产业篇,增大记述容量,确保房地产业的记述空间。二是设置住房制度改革章节,放入体制改革或房地产业篇,彰显时代特征。三是准确记述房地产业,做到内容要素不缺,完整反映改革开放以来房地产业的发展全貌。     

志书中的重大成果资料记载——兼谈续志编纂资料取舍与创新

重大成果资料记载是编纂志书内容的一种方式方法,是新编方志记述的突破口,也可以称之为不平衡式记述方式。首轮修志过多注意协调性、平衡性,而忽视了内容的完整性、重要性,从而造成史料记述中的缺失,不利于资治存史。重大成果资料记载正是从这一角度论述志书资料的取舍。     

浅谈第二轮修志如何记述民俗内容

章认为首轮志书虽对民俗内容进行了记述,也较旧志有了很大的进步,但也存在一些问题。本重点谈了第二轮志书记述民俗内容的必要性、第二轮志书记述民俗如何进行篇目设置以及在记述中应注意的一些问题。     

关于志书部类的思考——以广东省首轮93部县区志为例

广东省首轮93部县区志的实例,对分析首轮修志中志书部类的形成、界定、划分、排列、比例等问题很有禆益。将部类作为分门别类记述地情的第一层次,是新方志在贯彻横排门类编纂原则实践中的趋向及客观存在。对于这一方志专有名词应予正名,建立方志篇目分类学是方志理论研究刻不容缓的课题。     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.