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1.
近代城市统治阶层的早期现代化研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
邱国盛 《史学月刊》2002,2(2):60-65
近代基本经济关系的变动导致政治结构的演变。随之而来的则是城市统治阶层在制度化、非制度化等各个层面上的转换,这种转换不仅体现在其流动方式的变化上,而且更体现在新的社会功能分化导致公务员的出现以及统治阶层的日益扩大化、平民化。但是,特殊的半殖民地半封建社会背景又使这种转换呈现出畸形特征。  相似文献   

2.
我国城市社区阶层化趋势初论   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
郭钦 《攀登》2003,22(2):44-46
在市场机制下,城市区位和个人经济能力将对社区变迁起主要作用。城市社区变迁使社区阶层分化加速,我国目前正处在这一转型时期。深入分析城市变迁原因和社区阶层化趋势关系,寻找相关对策,有助于我国的城市现代化建设。  相似文献   

3.
20世纪初期,中国城市社会群体结构发生了巨大的变化,出现了公务员、编辑、记者、教师、医生、职员、经理、工程技术人员、自由职业者等新型的知识群体,作为社会雇员阶层,他们的劳动报酬决定着他们个人的声望和社会地位。由他们的劳动往往对生产力发展和城市社会进步有较大促进作用,其收入报酬要比普通劳动者高出许多。本文通过对知识阶层收入状况的研究,探讨该时期城市知识阶层能够为城市近代化所做的贡献。  相似文献   

4.
刘国庆 《丝绸之路》2010,(14):95-98
资源型城市因矿而兴,在计划经济时期为新中国的经济建设做出了巨大的贡献,当资源逐渐枯竭,各种矛盾凸显,城市发展开始面临前所未有的危机。本文就资源枯竭型城市的现状和存在的问题作了综合分析,探讨了资源枯竭型城市如何转型的问题,并就其实现可持续发展提出了对策。  相似文献   

5.
二战之际伴随国内政治经济中心向西南的转移,云南城市近代化进程加快,知识阶层经过量的积累呈现质的飞跃。本文通过对知识分子流动状况和实效的研究,探讨内迁背景下云南城市知识阶层崛起的动因及表征。  相似文献   

6.
西北干旱区城市建设与可持续发展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
概述了西北干旱区城市发展现状,系统地分析了其城市可持续发展面临的主要问题,进而提出了西北地区城市可持续发展的设想及其对策,为缩小我国东西部发展差距提供了科学的决策依据  相似文献   

7.
张萍 《攀登》2003,22(5):41-48
本课题以老年社会学理论与方法为借鉴,对青海省城市老年人状况及其人居环境进行了抽样调查,并在此基础上进行了分析和基本评价。课题研究认为:青海省人口老龄化趋势已经明显加快,呈现出与青海省经济社会发展不相协调的“未富先老”的典型特征。以家庭养老为核心,以社区为老服务为重点的“居家养老”方式,是青海省城市今后相当长时期内的主要养老模式。为此,根据建立健康老龄化社会的要求和青海省的实际,本提出了四条建议。  相似文献   

8.
随着生活条件的不断改善,人们对良好居住空间的需求变得更加紧急.因此,研究实现可持续城市人居环境的途径,提高人们的生活质量是城市居民日益关注的问题.本文分析了可持续城市人居环境的相关问题,并提出解决措施.  相似文献   

9.
曾翔旻 《沧桑》2008,(6):138-140
本文从城市新区的界定及可持续新区内涵的研究出发,论述城市新区可持续发展的服务体系结构,并从政府服务体系、企业环境体系和融资体系三个方面提出构建我国城市新区可持续发展的对策。  相似文献   

10.
近年来,随着我国城镇化的迅速发展,城区与维护城市内优良生态环境的生态用地在发展问题上产生了矛盾.如今,新兴的科学技术正逐渐趋向成熟并被运用到环境保护方面.本文将以南京市为例,从内部新技术出发,研究现行条件下城市内人类生活区与城市生态自然地区所产生的矛盾问题.并从城市内城区与生态环境地区两个角度出发,探寻二者能协调可持续...  相似文献   

11.
我国特大城市协调性发展的创新模式探究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
改革开放以来,工业化与城镇化成为我国经济快速增长和社会全面发展的主要驱动力。城市现代化与交通运输网络体系的建立促进了城乡一体化发展,缓解了城乡二元结构矛盾。但由于我国人口众多,基础设施建设不足,城市发展面临的主客观因素复杂,发展协调性问题日益突出。大城市尤其是百万人口以上的特大城市,城市盲目蔓延,生态环境污染与破坏严重,发展严重不协调。针对我国特大城市发展协调性问题,对其发展背景、挑战、研究的必要性和创新模式构建等根本性问题进行初步的探索研究,以全面促进我国城市健康可持续发展。  相似文献   

12.
  总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
The aim of this article is to critically examine the notion that the creative class may or may not play as a causal mechanism of urban regeneration. I begin with a review of Florida's argument focusing on the conceptual and theoretical underpinnings. The second section develops a critique of the relationship between the creative class and growth. This is followed by an attempt to clarify the relationship between the concepts of creativity, culture and the creative industries. Finally, I suggest that policy-makers may achieve more successful regeneration outcomes if they attend to the cultural industries as an object that links production and consumption, manufacturing and service. Such a notion is more useful in interpreting and understanding the significant role of cultural production in contemporary cities, and what relation it has to growth.  相似文献   

13.
  总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Creativity is central in stimulating economic growth in cities, regions and advanced capitalist economies in general. There is, of course, no one-to-one relation of the number of firms in creative industries to economic growth. Innovation is a key mechanism explaining the relationship of creative industries with economic performance. Based on an empirical study in the Netherlands we explore the effect of creative industries on innovation, and ultimately on employment growth in cities. In the Netherlands the three specific domains of creative industries - arts, media and publishing, and creative business services - make up 9 per cent of the business population. Drawing on survey data we find that firms in creative industries are indeed relatively innovative. Yet substantial differences are found across the three domains: firms in the arts domain are clearly less innovative, most likely due to a different (less market-oriented) dominant ideology. In addition, firms in creative industries located in urban areas are more innovative than their rural counterparts. We go on to analyse how the concentration of creative industries across cities is connected with employment growth. With the exception of the metropolitan city of Amsterdam, we find no measurable spill-over effect from creative industries. The presence of the creative class (in all kinds of industries other than creative ones) appears to be a much stronger driver of employment growth than creative industries.  相似文献   

14.
    
Today, as a result of fast-paced societal transformations, many small towns face severe developmental challenges and an uncertain future. Departing from the broader theory of developmental disequilibrium, we launch the concept of urban hibernation to explain the process of periodic small-town regress. The concept—along with its key stages and turning points—is presented to the background of urbanization processes encountered in Poland. At the same time, the focus on small towns offers an alternative and more context-sensitive explication to eclectic development models inherent to larger cities. As such, we argue that the concept of urban hibernation is apt to serve as a more precise research and planning tool in the context of small towns, and particularly in the critical moments of rise and recession. By applying a historical perspective, we address the importance of proper identification of the various and ever-changing city-forming factors, including their role for spatial planning at different scales. Urban hibernation should thus be considered as an intrinsic part of the geographic environment, which, due to the volatility of its socio-economic components, transcends the traditional rural–urban divide. Our conceptual contribution may thus serve as a background for a fuller understanding of the variability and dynamics of intra-urban structures.  相似文献   

15.
    
The present study traces recent trends in cultural policy concerning “cities of culture” in South Korea. The paper is a case study of the city of Gwangju, known as the birthplace of modern democracy in Korea. Currently, public input from below into the urban regeneration project for Gwangju is almost nonexistent, while most urban regeneration policies have been implemented from the top by elites who enjoy exhibiting their performances through constructing massive edifices rather than encouraging the preservation of such intangibles as historical significance through cultural participation from below. The government’s policy of promoting Gwangju as the “city of culture” in order to make it a hub of Asian cultural industry and tourism in the global economy is closely allied to its policy of economic reductionism of culture. The study suggests that Gwangju and its unique heritage would instead benefit from an urban regeneration policy aimed at establishing it as the city of art and culture for human rights and democracy and as part of a collaborative network with the heritage initiatives of international bodies.  相似文献   

16.
‘Consumption’ is a central concept in the global environmental sustainability agenda. However, one important argument from Agenda 21 — that all social actors must now practise ‘sustainable consumption’— has been publicly and politically marginalised in high‐income countries such as Australia. Geographers potentially have a role in bringing consumption back onto the agenda by constructing a critical geography of consumption. Such research can help understand how the contextual use of natural resources is perceived and practised, and how consumption helps to shape contemporary social relations. This body of knowledge is vital for building sustainable development into everyday lives. Yet a focus on urban consumption perceptions and practices appears somewhat lacking in Australian geography. Ways forward can be drawn from international geography, such as in the United Kingdom where a substantial body of work has drawn a complex picture of contemporary consumption and environmental understanding. It has also challenged prevailing ‘ecological modernisation’ policy approaches, which ignore consumption's cultural facets. In sum, considering consumption in Australia can offer insights into cultural practices expressed through consumption; can challenge and add to European geographical literatures, and can also contribute to sustainability debates by offering alternatives to currently ineffective policy discourses.  相似文献   

17.
制度变迁与中国城市的发展及空间结构的历史演变   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9  
胡军  孙莉 《人文地理》2005,20(1):19-23
我国的城市发展水平同经济发展水平的偏离,说明对城市发展及其空间结构演变分析不能仅局限在物质经济领域,需要我们寻求影响城市发展及其空间结构变化的新因素一制度因素,把制度作为影响城市发展及其空间结构的一个主要的变量,来对此加以解释。为此,本首先构建了“制度变迁一城市发展变化”的理论框架,然后用该理论从宏观和微观两个方面来检验1949-1998年间制度变迁对城市发展及其空间结构的影响。与西方国家的以市场经济为主要动力驱动型的城市发展模式不同,中国城市的发展及其空间结构的演变在很大程度上是制度变迁而诱致的结果。但不同的制度对城市数量增长、组织体系及空间布局和对城市空间结构演变的作用力度又不尽相同。改革开放后,由于制度变迁带来的激励作用,中国城市获得了快速发展,城市空间结构快速变化。但与此同时,中国城市化的发展水平与相同发展条件下的世界城市化水平的差距却在拉大。而且随着市场经济体制的逐步完善,影响城市增长及空间结构的演变力量的因素越来越趋于分散化,制度变迁对城市发展所带来的激励作用正在弱化。为适应新世纪我国城市发展的战略目标,需要进行体制创新,为中国城市的发展及其空间结构的演变提供新的制度支持。  相似文献   

18.
论城市选择性旅游   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
何佳梅  许峰  周霓 《人文地理》2001,16(1):92-94
本文阐述了城市选择性旅游的基本构成及其实践意义,并深入探讨了其在旅游可持续发展中的重要作用。  相似文献   

19.
技术学习与创新:经济地理学的视角   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
苗长虹  魏也华 《人文地理》2007,22(5):《人文地理》-1-9,18
技术学习与创新是20世纪90年代以来经济地理学研究的核心领域之一,它与"异端经济学"之间的互动,既促进了经济地理学的繁荣和学科地位的提升,也为"异端经济学"对技术学习与创新的研究提供了独特的地理视角。本文试图全面梳理经济地理学技术学习与创新研究兴起与深化的过程,从地理接近与面对面交流,关系接近与实践社区,制度接近、嵌入、路径依赖与创新场三个既相互争论又高度互补的方面,来系统阐述技术学习与创新的经济地理机制,并针对当前研究的局限性提出了建构高层次综合的技术学习创新与区域发展理论的设想。  相似文献   

20.
    
Urban sprawl is a growth pattern causing much interest and concern and, in consequence, has been a topic of growing interest to a wide body of researchers from many different disciplinary backgrounds. The past 15 years has seen a veritable flourish of intensive empirical case studies devoted to various aspects of this phenomenon and coming from an increasing variety of countries. In an effort to understand the latest currents in empirical research on urban sprawl, the author conducted a thorough review of case studies since 1996, seeking to highlight new findings among the various themes addressed in the research. They revealed a great number of case studies on urban sprawl emerging from China, many case studies devoted to measuring urban sprawl, as well as throwing into question the widely held assumption that sprawl is always driven by population and economic growth.  相似文献   

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