Fragments of literary papyri from the collection of the Oslo University Library,II: Homer,Iliad 1.411-437 and 473-480

Two papyrus fragments--now in the collection of the Oslo University Library--are described, transcribed and commented on in this publication. Both fragments belonged originally to a roll containing at least book 1 of Homer's Iliad. The handwriting is informal and rather careless, while the portion of the text preserved is of low textual standard. The above features suggest that the roll was a product of private scribal activity.     

Zu papyri osloenses III

The sixth Roman ode of Horace has usually been dated to 29/28 B.C. from the reference to the great temple restoration programme in the first stanza. This dating, however, tends to affect our reading of the whole cycle. An ‘inner’ dramatic date deliberately established by the poet (post Actium but before 28 B.C.) should not be mistaken for the time of writing (after 28, probably about 25 B.C.). There are even calculated effects arising from the poet's use of a dramatic date. Moreover, the poem is not independent to the effect that it is a self‐contained expression of the poet's political stance. Its provoking diagnosis of contemporary society is a warning reflecting Augustus’ policy and paving the way for reforms. It is instructive to compare epode XVI, to which III 6 bears resemblances which seem to support the late dating of the epode (cf. the author's Horaz und Actium 1984).     

Dendrochronology on material from medieval Oslo

The dendrochronological material from Oslo discussed here was collected through archaeological excavations in the period 1970–6 on the sites ‘Mindets tomt’ (Lidén 1977) and ‘S?ndre felt’ (Schia 1987).     

The titles of Petra in the sixth century: the evidence from the Petra papyri

Since their discovery in 1993, the Petra papyri have drawn the attention of both historians and archaeologists because of the amount of information they contain. The content of the papyri essentially deals with the property inheritance and transaction of a certain Theodoros son of Obodianos and his family in Petra and its vicinity, in the period between AD 537 and 593. The present paper focuses on the titles of Petra mentioned in these papyri and on their importance for the understanding of Petra in the Roman and Byzantine periods. Petra's full titles are: ‘Imperial Colony Antoniana, Distinguished, Holy (?), Mother of the Colonies, Hadriana Petra, and Metropolis of [the Province] Tertia Palaestina Salutaris’. The main components of these titles are attested elsewhere, but they appear in their entirety in the Petra papyri for the first time. The various titles of Petra as they appear in the papyri concerned clearly indicate that Petra continued to style itself as an important place in the Byzantine Empire. The picture that emerges from Petra's titles and other evidence from the papyri is that, in the sixth century Petra was still a place inhabited by relatively wealthy people, which had a major role in the economy of the Byzantine Empire.     

Building urban Christian communities: sermons on local saints in the Eusebius Gallicanus collection

This article uses the sermons in the anonymous collection known as the Eusebius Gallicanus to explore the ways in which preachers in fifth-century Gaul tried to build urban Christian communities, focusing particularly on the subset of sermons which deal with local saints. In these sermons preachers adapt a tradition of Christian language and thought to the specific circumstances they faced. They seize the opportunity provided by their subject matter to evoke a vision which is urban, localized, and which stands in contrast to more 'universal' conceptions of Christian community.     

Agriculture in sixth‐century Petra and its hinterland,the evidence from the Petra papyri

Since their discovery in 1993 the Petra papyri have drawn the attention of both historians and archaeologists because of the amount of information they contain. They deal with the property of Theodoros, son of Obodianus, and his family in Petra and its vicinity in the period between AD 537 and 593. This paper focuses on agriculture and its importance in Petra and the surrounding area in the sixth century AD, according to the information derived from the scrolls. It appears that agriculture played a major role in the economy of Petra and its hinterland at the time these documents were written. The papyri repeatedly mention agricultural lands throughout the region and in many cases specify their locations and toponyms. Some of the latter are significantly still in use. There is also information about springs, some of which are still active and contribute to local agriculture. Some papyri even contain information about the type of plants grown in the area. Finally, the authors present the current state of agriculture at selected places and compare it with the state of agriculture in the sixth century AD in the study area.     

Old Oslo

DURING an excavation outside the NW. corner of the defences of Winchester, Hants., an object was discovered which careful conservation proved to be an early medieval burse-reliquary. It has a wooden core, to which are tacked thin, gilt copper-alloy metal sheets, with embossed decoration. The context of the reliquary suggests its loss in the late 9th or early 10th century, and its art-historical associations indicate that it had been made at some time in the previous hundred years. It is the first early medieval reliquary of this type to have been found in England.     

挪威奥斯陆 无关风雨,岁月静好

正挪威的首都奥斯陆,是斯堪的纳维亚半岛上最为古老的都城。它的名字来源于古老的挪威语,含义为"上帝的山谷"。城市濒临曲折迂回的奥斯陆湾,背倚巍峨耸立的霍尔门科伦山,苍山绿海相辉映,使这座城既有海滨都市的旖旎风情,又富有依托高山密林所展示的雄浑气势。吃完早餐从酒店出来,对面就是著名的奥斯陆歌剧院(Operahuset),这座由大理石和玻璃建造的宏伟建筑,本身就是一件艺术品。去得太早,歌剧院还没有开门,我沿着平台往顶楼走,眼前的风景随着高度的上升也变得开阔起来。如果是盛夏的夜晚,这里一定     

New light on Roman census papyri through semi-automated record linkage

ABSTRACT

The census documents from Roman Egypt form the best documentary source of demographic information for the Roman Empire. Earlier collections (Bagnall and Frier 2006 Bagnall, R. S., and B. W. Frier. 2006. The demography of Roman Egypt. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]; Bagnall, Frier, and Rutherford 1997 Bagnall, R. S., B. W. Frier, and I. C. Rutherford. 1997. The census register P. Oxy. 984: The reverse of Pindar's Paeans. Papyrologica Bruxellensia, Vol. 29. Brussels: Fondation égyptologique Reine Elisabeth. [Google Scholar]) have shown that some individuals and households appear more than once within this body of evidence. This article demonstrates how semi-automated record linkage provides an efficient and systematic way of producing linkages between early historical documentary sources that are fragmentary. The process yielded more linkages with generally high probability values than previously employed linkage-by-hand methods. As the added examples show, semi-automated record linkage also proved to be a useful method to fill gaps in papyri by transferring information from one record to the other. As such, it provides new opportunities for papyrologists and epigraphers working with fragmented materials pertaining to the ancient Greco-Roman world.     

挪威奥斯陆 无关风雨,岁月静好

<正>挪威的首都奥斯陆,是斯堪的纳维亚半岛上最为古老的都城。它的名字来源于古老的挪威语,含义为"上帝的山谷"。城市濒临曲折迂回的奥斯陆湾,背倚巍峨耸立的霍尔门科伦山,苍山绿海相辉映,使这座城既有海滨都市的旖旎风情,又富有依托高山密林所展示的雄浑气势。吃完早餐从酒店出来,对面就是著名的奥斯陆歌剧院(Operahuset),这座由大理石和玻璃建造的宏伟建筑,本身就是一件艺术品。去得太早,歌剧院还没有开门,我沿着平台往顶楼走,眼前的风景随着高度的上升也变得开阔起来。如果是盛夏的夜晚,这里一定     

Ritratti Romani ad Oslo

Unabhängig von der pneumatischen Deutung des Origenes vom Hohenlied Salomos ist seine ästhetische Deutung vom Werke als einem szenischen Epithalamium zu bedenken. Das Werk wäre dann als eine in der jüdischen Diaspora Alexandriens aus traditionellen hebräischen Einzelliedern unter Einfluss griechischer literarischen und musikalischen Stilmuster komponierte Ganzheit zu verstehen. Am nächsten käme von griechischer Seite her, der kitharodische Nomos.     

Mold-deteriorated archaeological Egyptian papyri: Biodeteriogens,monitoring the deterioration,and treatment approach

Fungi play a critical role in the deterioration of ancient papyri due to their organic and hygroscopic nature. Fourteen fungal species belonging to five genera—Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Talaromyces, and Ulocladium—were isolated and identified from 20 Egyptian papyrus artifacts located at the Grand Egyptian Museum—Conservation Center (GEM-CC). The biodeterioration mechanism was evaluated by two analyses: cellulase enzyme activity and acid production assay. The isolated fungus P. lanosum showed potent biodeterioration power as it exhibited the highest enzymatic activity and could produce acid as well. Four different analyses were performed to assess the entity of the biodeterioration phenomenon: scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, colorimetry, and pH measurements. The analyses demonstrated considerable changes in surface morphology, chemical structure (mainly represented by oxidation and hydrolysis of infected papyrus samples), darkness of the papyrus samples (ΔE 3.84–7.33), and pH (which dropped to 5.2 in the case of A. niger-infected sample. This article builds a preliminary perception for monitoring the biodeterioration of archaeological papyri and a trial for in vitro treatment to prevent further degradation, which may lead to loss of our valuable artifacts over a prolonged period.     

试论公元1-7世纪埃及基督教的特性

公元1世纪至7世纪,埃及文化领域中一个最重大的变化就是基督教的传播与发展。埃及基督教建立在独特的传统文化基础之上,并广泛吸收东西方文化的精髓,形成了一些迥异于其他地区的特征,即创造性、相对独立性、虔诚性以及区域性教权至上等特点。埃及成了基督教早期神学体系的诞生之地,还是基督教修道制度的滥觞之所。可见,埃及在早期基督教发展史上曾经起过巨大的作用,一度占有举足轻重的地位。     

Skeletal trauma in the burials from the royal church of St. Mary in medieval Oslo

The considerable collection of skeletal remains from the royal Church of St. Mary (c.1050–1540 AD) in Oslo constitutes part of The Schreiner Collection at the Department of Anatomy, University of Oslo. The remains reveal a high incidence of skeletal trauma, especially injuries caused by sharp‐edged weapons and extensive violence. Evidence of sharp force trauma was primarily observed on the crania. There were a surprisingly few injuries on postcranial skeletal elements. The injuries were mostly observed on middle‐aged and older men, but also on women and subadults. Some of these injuries may be linked to the civil wars in Norway during the 12th and 13th centuries. In most cases, the trauma distribution pattern suggests standardized fighting techniques. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.