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John G. Rice 《Journal of Historical Geography》1978,4(1):23-34
Parish registers offer the student of history a wealth of information about the everyday lives of ordinary people in the past. Historical demographers in particular have made extensive use of these materials, and our understanding of the dynamics of local populations in pre-industrial Europe has increased greatly during the last twenty-five years. In addition to the basic demographic data on marriages, baptisms and burials, however, parish registers commonly contain other information which can shed light on social behaviour. Using the exceptionally rich Swedish records, this paper explores some ways in which material of this kind may be used to assess the extent and rate of social change in particular localities at particular times. 相似文献
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Ruth C. Young 《Reviews in Anthropology》2013,42(4):435-443
Charles P. Loomis and J. Allan Beegle., A Strategy for Rural Change. New York: Halsted Press, 1975. xv + 525 pp. Tables, figures, references, author and subject indices. $19.50. 相似文献
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Linda McDowell 《Transactions (Institute of British Geographers : 1965)》2001,26(4):448-464
In the last decade in Britain the combination of women's continued entry into the labour market and the restructuring of welfare provision has exacerbated the growing demands on individuals and households in their allocation of time between productive and reproductive labour and the contradictions between the two spheres, as well as time and income inequalities between the rich and the poor. Since the election of the new Labour government in 1997, the concept of work/life balance, as well as a range of other policies to address these divisions have been introduced. This paper addresses the nature of the changes in the last decade, through the perspective of gender and class divisions and critically assesses key debates about the changing nature of working life as well as current policy provisions to support the increasing individualization of employment. 相似文献
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Christina Cheung Hannes Schroeder Robert E. M. Hedges 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2012,4(1):61-73
This study uses stable isotope analyses (δ13C and δ15N) of human bone collagen to reconstruct the diet of three Romano-British (first to early fifth century AD) populations from
Gloucestershire in South West England. Gloucestershire was an important part of Roman Britain with two major administrative
centres at Gloucester (Glevum) and Cirencester (Corinium) and numerous smaller settlements and farmsteads. To investigate
potential dietary differences between the rural and urban populations of Roman Gloucestershire, we compared human bone collagen
stable isotope values from 32 individuals from urban Gloucester with those of 46 individuals from two rural cemeteries at
Horcott Quarry and Cotswold Community, respectively. Seven individuals from urban Gloucester were buried in a mass grave;
all others were buried in single inhumations. Results show small but significant differences in stable isotope ratios between
the urban and rural populations which indicate that the urban population might have consumed slightly more marine and/or freshwater
resources than the people living in the rural communities. We interpret this difference as a direct reflection of Rome’s influence
on Gloucester’s population and the town’s economic status. Subtle differences in stable isotope ratios were also observed
at the site level, as burial practice does correlate with diet in some cases. Overall, the results from this study demonstrate
that diet, as reconstructed through stable isotope analysis, is a very sensitive, if settlement-specific, indicator of social
differentiation and culture change. 相似文献
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Guzzi-Heeb S 《家族历史杂志》2011,36(4):367-386
The eighteenth-century "sexual revolution" cannot simply be explained as a consequence of economic or institutional factors -- industrialization, agricultural revolution, secularization, or legal hindrances to marriages. The example of western Valais (Switzerland) shows that we have to deal with a complex configuration of factors. The micro-historical approach reveals that in the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century sexuality -- and above all illicit sexuality -- was a highly subversive force that was considerably linked to political innovation and probably more generally to historical change. Nonmarital sexuality was clearly tied to political dissent and to innovative ways of behavior, both among the social elites and the common people. This behavior patterns influenced crucial evolutions in the social, cultural, and economic history of the region. 相似文献
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JUDITH GALVIN 《Geographical Research》1980,18(2):155-168
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Dave D. Davis 《Journal of Anthropological Archaeology》1985,4(3):149-176
Emblematic artifacts, which signify personal or social identity, are potentially valuable sources of information about social organization. To date, however, there has been little comparative study of the social contexts that give rise to use of different kinds of emblems, nor of the ways in which the social significance of emblematic artifacts may change over time. This paper is specifically concerned with the emergence and changing use of hereditary emblems in stratified societies. The histories of lineage devices in western Europe and Japan exhibit a number of similarities which suggest that, in complex societies, hereditary emblems are likely to appear in the presence of unstable systems of social rank. Once introduced, such emblems may acquire additional, nonhereditary, significance without undergoing noticeable iconographic change. The cases examined here suggest a series of general propositions about evolutionary relationships between hereditary emblem use and socioeconomic factors. Although we currently lack a well-developed methodology for identifying hereditary emblems archaeologically, it is clear that the key to their identification lies not in stylistic analysis, but rather in their contexts of use and patterns of association with other items of material culture. Hypotheses derived from consideration of the evolution of lineage emblems in western Europe and Japan are applied to the interpretation of shield decorations of the Archaic and Classical periods in Attic Greece. 相似文献
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Brown P 《Oceania; a journal devoted to the study of the native peoples of Australia, New Guinea, and the Islands of the Pacific》1988,59(2):123-142
This article discusses gender roles and behavior and changing relationships between the sexes resulting from Western influence on the Simbu people in Papua New Guinea. Sexual segregation and taboos, cult secrecy, and male domination of women have weakened during 50 years of contact with the West. The observations upon which this paper is based were made during 1958-65 and through individual and group interviews obtained in 1976, 1984, 1985, and 1987. Simbu women have been self-sufficient while appearing to comply with male dominance and group claims. More younger women are now asserting their individuality. With Westernization, many home crafts have been abandoned. Women have responded to new ideas and economic goals by promoting the education of their children. A notable few women have achieved professional positions or business success and have joined a new class of elite citizens with opportunities to expand their lives in ways formerly unimaginable. Both urban men and women retain close ties with their rural families. Urban men depend upon rural support groups to achieve their political ambitions. When successful, these men distribute favors to their rural supporters. Urban women may incorporate rural relatives into their urban households, but many reject their own domestic roles. This new urban elite is still in the formative stage and it is impossible to predict whether it will ultimately reject its rural foundation to embrace an urban multi-ethnic affiliation. 相似文献
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Sylvia Vatuk 《Reviews in Anthropology》2013,42(1-4):63-69
Hanley, Susan B., and Arthur P. Wolf, eds. Family and Population in East Asian History. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985, xx + 360 pp. including reference notes and index. $45.00 cloth. Fernea, Elizabeth Warnock, ed. Women and the Family in the Middle East: New Voices of Change. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, xii + 356 pp. including chapter notes. $24.50 cloth, $11.95 paper. Schrijvers, Joke Therese. Mothers for Life: Motherhood and Marginalization in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. Delft: Eburon, 1985. xiv + 273 pp. including photographs,. glossary, and references, (n.p.) 相似文献