西行乐事

<正>"起床了!起床了!"美夏的一声吆喝,让大家想起已经不是在家里温暖的床上了。出来摄影就是想赶个好光景,哪有你睡懒觉的工夫,于是,大家一骨碌爬起来,胡乱擦把脸登车出发,向着下一个目标前行。     

Between east and west: Archaeology in the new eastern Europe

The collapse of Communism in eastern Europe has led to significant changes in the research climate for archaeology. Traditional sources of funds have evaporated while others are becoming available. Personnel have changed and many institutions find themselves in a precarious position. Nonetheless, archaeological research has continued throughout the waning days of the People's Democracies and into the new era of market economies. This article surveys the state of archaeological research in eastern Europe between the Elbe and the Pripet Marshes and between the Baltic and the Adriatic during the late 1980s and early 1990s.     

Pre-Conquest estates in the west Midlands: preliminary thoughts

Pre-Conquest charters from the est Midlands provide evidence which cannot be revealed by archaeological means of the type of administrative organization within the Hwiccan kingdom. Estates comprising a number of parish units may be reconstructed but appear to have been carved out of larger territorial divisions. Nodal areas, frequently in riverine locations, appear to have been linked to areas of secondary development in more heavily wooded countryside. This association between complementary regions gave rise to a system of organization based upon sound economic foundations and the resulting pattern of regional complementarity was still apparent in the landscape at a later period. Fragmentation of administrative units was well-advanced by the mid-Anglo-Saxon period and minor units of parish or subparish size had come into being, many of which were clearly recognized as independent communities. In some areas these units had become well-established early enough for their boundaries to influence those of the ecclesiastical parishes. In the secondary areas subdivision occurred at a later date and yet other areas remained largely undeveloped without lasting demarcation. The charters also show, however, that settlement had been established throughout the Hwiccan kingdom by the later Anglo-Saxon period, with a number of minor settlements in existence beyond any village nucleus.     

Casting the Riace Bronzes: Modern Assumptions and Ancient Facts

This article argues that classical archaeologists have seriously underestimated the output of heat required to melt a large quantity of bronze and therefore have wrongly reconstructed the ancient casting process. The idea that sufficient metal for casting a bronze of monumental proportions could be heated in a crucible with a charcoal fire ventilated by bellows is not realistic. The following observations are based on solid foundry experience: Nigel Konstam, a bronze sculptor, for many years supervised the casting of monumental bronzes comparable in size to those from Riace. This article has been written by Herbert Hoffmann drawing on Konstam's notes     

西方学者论西部大开发

2003年5月8-10日,德国亚洲问题研究所同《中国季刊》社和悉尼技术大学国际研究所合作,由大众汽车基金会资助,在汉堡发起了一次研讨会,评议中国西部战略的起因、内容和潜在影响,强调省和地方的作用。42位学者出席了会议,提交了论文和资料。议题不仅涉及贫困、基础设施落后和少数民族管理这些党和国家显然关心的问题,还涉及西部的新定义,西部各地区内在的社会经济多样性,各省和地方之间广泛的不同的互动关系以及由此而产生的怀疑、抗拒、追随和狂热。以下论文摘要选自《中国季刊》2004年178期。     

论西部民族地区的环境政策

环境政策是西部民族地区环境保护的基石。西部民族地区现行的环境政策对保护西部民族地区环境,促进社会经济的发展起到了一定的作用。但不论从政策覆盖面、政策的深度,还是政策的配合和执行政策后所产生的效应来看,均存在许多不足。为了能最充分地发挥环境政策效应,本文设计了环境政策的基本框架,并提出了分类环境政策设计的思路。     

谈曾侯乙尊盘的铸造工艺

春秋战国时期对芯范加工修琢,经过匣范成型,外糊加固泥的泥质合范铸造工艺,是至今所能见的镂空青铜器的主要浇铸方法。     

“整理国故运动”的西学渊源探析

无论是从胡适等人自述,还是从他们的理论主张与研究方法来看,曾在民国时期风行一时的"整理国故运动"都明显承受了西学的深刻影响.其中,在考据学方面,相较于中国传统学术,西学的影响虽不那么直接明显,但正是通过对西方学理的引进,胡适等人终于具有了一种"平等的眼光",从而将国学研究领域拓展延伸至一个前所未有的广阔天地,并且由此极大地推动了中国学术的现代转型.     

用“大炮”追摄“西部英雄”们

说它们是英雄,是因为它们生活在海拔4500米以上的高原,那里空气稀薄,气候恶劣。它们不但在这样的环境下能生活下去,而且看起来还那么有活力。比顽强,有谁的生命能比它们的更顽强吗?比乐观,在朝不保夕的猎食中,谁的乐观还能胜过它们吗?这广袤的西部高原,如果没有了这些生灵,将会是什么样?我们这次西部之行,很大一部分也是为着它们去的,这些让人魂牵梦绕的精灵,我们崇拜它们,像崇拜英雄一样。还好,我们不但见到了,还拍下了它们,而且,我们和它们之间,还有了故事。     

Marine shell dates and surface lithic assemblages on the west coast of South Africa

Archaeological surface finds are difficult to date. There are several useful methods, but each requires special circumstances and has one drawback or another. On the west coast of South Africa marine shell are abundant on surface sites but they are rarely dated because they are perceived to be in disturbed context and in questionable association with artefacts. This paper attempts to rectify this misconception and shows that, although far from perfect, a large suite of surface dates can shed as much light as excavated data. On the Vredenburg Peninsula they help refute the hypothesis that two economically and culturally distinct populations shared this pre-colonial landscape since 2000 BP.     

Mussels and mongongo nuts: logistical visits to the Cape west coast,South Africa

Very large late Holocene shell middens (‘megamiddens’, some over 10 000 m³ in extent) along a 20 km section of the west coast of South Africa provide a particular interpretative challenge in determining whether they result from residential visits or from logistical processing of shellfish for transport and consumption elsewhere. The latter interpretation is preferred here and is consistent with stable carbon isotopic readings on coastal human burials and site contents that illustrate that groups visited specific localities, collected and dried black mussels and then transported and consumed the dried product inland. The sizes and contents of these large middens contrasts sharply with those of unquestionably residential residues from earlier and later time periods. This approach is supported with reference to the ethnographically described processing and consumption of mongongo nuts by 20th century San of the Kalahari.     

对从面包中筛选酵母菌及其发酵特性的研究

目的 从野生酵母筛选出对可溶性糖产生既可氧化又可还原、并发生反式反应的酵母菌株,使其能应用于相关物质的生物合成.方法 对从面包中滋生出多种的野生菌落采用依形态、使易糖氧化为主要特征筛选出野生酵母菌落.结果 从3株野生菌株(JM1、JM2、JM3)中筛选出JM1,该菌株能使体内发生反式催化的氧化反应.结论 该菌株适宜的生长条件为:pH 5.5,温度28 ℃,最适碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为蛋白胨,发酵时间36 h.在最适条件下,最终酒精度能达到9.8°.