中国—中亚合作冲突关系及时空热点分析

中亚地处欧亚大陆中心，是“一带一路”倡议建设的重要区域。本文基于GDELT新闻媒体数据库，构建了事件影响度和双边关系度，定量分析了中国与中亚国家之间的合作、冲突关系演变，采用时空热点分析识别了中国在中亚城市尺度的合作、冲突热点模式。结果表明：①中国与中亚国家的合作日趋紧密。“一带一路”倡议提出之后，中国与中亚国家的合作趋势显著上升，与哈萨克斯坦的合作关系最为紧密。②中国在中亚地区的合作区域集中在中亚国家首都、战略要地、重要能源基地等，在乌兹别克斯坦安集延地区和塔吉克斯坦哈特隆州形成集中连片的合作区域。冲突区域集中在中亚国家首都和战略要地，与合作区域在空间上高度重合，但影响力显著低于合作事件。③中国在中亚城市的影响力以合作关系占主导，冲突关系大于合作关系的城市主要分布在吉尔吉斯斯坦。64%的中亚城市为低合作—低冲突状态，中亚国家首都、阿拉木图、安集延属于显著的高合作—高冲突城市。④时间尺度上，中国与中亚地区的合作热点以持续型为主，冲突热点以振荡型为主，哈萨克斯坦纳伦市、阿特劳州为新增冲突热点，应引起重视。     

明末西方传教士在华传教受阻的原因

明末,天主教开始了它的大规模渗入中国的尝试。以利玛窦为代表的西方传教士,利用自己所掌握的西方科学技术,作为进入中国大门的敲门砖。虽得到了一些士大夫的拥护和支持,但对天主教存在猜忌和疑虑的大有人在,导致了耶稣会士在华传教受阻。其原因在于华夷冲突;文化冲突;教权与皇权的冲突。     

论中国当代法治建设与法制传统的冲突问题

分析我国法治建设中存在的问题,就会发现其根源于中国法制传统中固有的法律意识、法律文化、法律思想的综合体在发挥非制度性的消极影响。这些影响与现代法治建设之间产生了人治传统与法治精神之间的冲突、法制的传统道德与法治建设中的法律冲突、革命传统与法治的保守精神相冲突、传统的恶法意识与法治建设的良法要求相冲突、统治工具论法观念与公平正义法观念之间的冲突等。理清这些冲突并寻求解决冲突的良策,是推进法治建设中需要研究和解决的重要问题。     

刑诉法修改 权力PK权利

立法者面临着3个基本关系之间的矛盾冲突：人权保障、程序公正与打击犯罪的冲突;刑事诉讼过程中公、检、法三机关之间权力资源配置方面的冲突;刑事诉讼过程中公权力与私权利之间的冲突     

文化交流与文化创新——读《中西体用之间》

文化交流与文化创新——读《中西体用之间》陆炎晚清７０年间的中西文化交流,是在充满着冲突与整合的历史环境中演变赓续的。文化交流,乃人类文化发展和社会进步的重要杠杆;冲突与整合,恰恰又为文化的创新带来了勃勃生机。丁伟志、陈崧所著《中西体用之间》（中国社会...     

《马克思主义基本原理概论》课的实效性研究——探悉理论与现实冲突带来的影响

高校《马克思主义基本原理概论》课缺乏实效性的根本性原因是理论与现实的冲突问题没有很好的为学生解答,从而造成了学生不相信、教师不好教的尴尬局面。理论与现实的冲突问题有如下表现:马克思主义理论宣传的政治性与科学性之间的冲突、阶级斗争理论与当前中国建构和谐社会之间的冲突、集体主义价值观与市场经济中追求个人利益合理性之间的冲突……等若干方面。勇于直面现实问题,与时俱进,将马克思主义基本原理与社会现实问题结合起来进行科学解答是上好该门课程的关键。     

近代民教冲突中的中国人

鸦片战争以后,随着西方列强的入侵,基督教再次传入中国,民教冲突随之产生,由此而引发了众多的教案,这些教案都是民教冲突的集中爆发,其根源在于不同文化之间的冲突,古老的中国面对西方列强的文化侵略,无论是政府与还是民间都进行了许多的反抗,民教冲突就是在这种大背景下产生的。     

中国早期现代化的延误——一项比较现代化研究

中国与西方列强的第一次战争始于鸦片战争。这次战争标志着中国与近代西方资本主义势力的全面冲突。这次冲突打开了中国长期封闭性发展的格局,是近代中国走向世界的一个纪元。纵观这一个半世纪的沧桑巨变,是一个举世罕见的漫长而崎岖的现     

中美知识产权关系的发生、发展与影响

中美知识产权关系的发生、发展与中美经贸关系的发生、发展紧紧联系在一起.美国为了提高国际竞争力而实施的知识产权战略和中国为现代化事业而实行的开放政策的相遇,为中美知识产权关系的产生提供了广阔的历史空间.但是,中美知识产权关系极易政治化.一方面,中美知识产权关系的发展深受中美关系大环境的影响,表现为冲突与合作的关系;另一方面,中美知识产权关系反过来又对中美关系从冲突走向合作和中国知识产权法制化进程产生重要影响.     

浅析中国区际法律冲突

"九七"香港和"九九"澳门的回归,是"一国两制"构想和模式鄂丰硕成果,相伴而生的是中国区际法律冲突。本文从历史和现实这两个角度出发,分析中国区际法律冲突产生的必然性,总结中国区际法律冲突的特点,并借此从总体上提出中国区际法律冲突的解决。     

Securing the heights: The vertical dimension of the Siachen conflict between India and Pakistan in the Eastern Karakoram

The Siachen conflict between India and Pakistan is often referred to as the coldest war, or, the endless war atop the roof of the world. The high altitude and extreme climate create a hostile environment that has caused by far the most casualties and imposed tremendous costs on both sides. This environmental setting is usually only cited to underline the absurdity of this more than 30 year old conflict. We, however, argue that rather than being a constraint upon the conflict, the terrain itself is central to the genesis and continuation of the conflict. Further, the vertical dimension is the focus of contestation and the site where mountaineering practices, cartographic imagination and military logic intersect. The inaccessibility imposed by the terrain also implies that far from being a frozen conflict there is a temporal dynamism, as improvements in technology and logistics alter the possibility of maintaining the status quo.     

Vengeance, justice and the reactions in the Revolutionary Midi

This article explores the nature of political conflict, violenceand justice in the Midi provençal during the French Revolution.It emphasizes the continuity of conflict between rival factionsdividing most communes in the region throughout the Revolutionarydecade, conflict that frequently issued in individual and collectiveviolence, most notoriously the prison massacres of the WhiteTerror (or the Reaction, as it was known among contemporaries)at Aix, Tarascon and Marseille in the spring of 1795. Thesemassacres, among the most spectacular expressions of collectivevengeance and popular justice in the Revolution, presented thenascent judicial system of the Revolution with some of its greatestchallenges in the pursuit and punishment of these crimes, notleast because of the political partiality of the judicial authorities.This article further illustrates how the phenomenon of multipleReactions between warring factions, representing fundamentalsocio-economic differences and competing visions of the Republic,provides an understanding of the whole Revolutionary processin the region.     

Ivoirian identity constructions: ethnicity and nationalism in the prelude to civil war

ABSTRACT. The recent and unresolved conflict in Côte d'Ivoire has received little attention in the English‐speaking world. Where it is discussed, the instrumentalist view of ethnic conflict predominates. This is a linear and structural argument. It examines how pre‐given ethnic groups gained political voice in clashes over control of economic resources, and were subsequently manipulated by political elites with personal agendas. This paper questions the coherence of group identity and instead emphasises the agency of individuals. It argues that the meaning of ethnic identity was transformed as social and economic grievances led to conflict between political groupings. This approach accords individual Ivoirians more responsibility for determining the boundaries of ethnic and nationalist exclusion, and for participating in the ensuing violent conflict.     

A research agenda for the economic study of genocide: signposts from the field of conflict economics

In the field of conflict economics there is surprisingly little research on genocide and mass killing relative to war and terrorism, which I call the ‘genocide gap’. This article critically evaluates the potential for scholarship in conflict economics to help fill the gap with new research on economic aspects of mass atrocities. The article begins with an overview of the principal subject matter and methodologies of conflict economics and key interdependencies between economics and conflict. Relatively new civilian atrocity datasets and trends are then evaluated followed by a critical assessment of empirical economic risk factors for mass atrocities. The remainder of the article points to how three richly researched areas in conflict economics can serve as signposts for new quantitative research on economic aspects of genocide and mass killing. The three signposts critically assessed are: (1) empirical study of economic risk factors for civil wars; (2) promise and limits of rational choice theory; and (3) economic consequences of civil wars. This analysis is complemented by a tentative discussion of economic insights derived from a foundational work in genocide studies, Raphael Lemkin's Axis rule in occupied Europe, that could profitably serve as the foundation for future research on the economic study of genocide.     

Draper,the “Conflict Thesis” and Secularising Politics in Late Nineteenth‐Century Argentina

Despite appearances to the contrary, late nineteenth‐century Buenos Aires (Argentina) seems to be a suitable scale model to explore the relationships between the “conflict thesis” and secularisation. John W. Draper's History of the Conflict between Religion and Science (1874) arrived in the country in the midst of political battles over the shape of the future relationships between the state and the majoritarian Catholic Church. In the decade between 1875 and 1885 variants of the “conflict thesis” were expounded, discussed, and used as rhetorical weapons in the battles over the issue of religious teaching in elementary schools. This article analyses the discussions over the “conflict thesis” between liberal secularists and Catholics in newspaper articles, public speeches, parliamentary debates, and other forms of public discourse during that period. Against the backdrop of a weak institutional church, a vigorous growth of nascent scientific institutions, and a cultural atmosphere permeated by positivism, the opposing parties argued about the “conflict thesis” while each reclaimed for itself the legitimacy of science. The episode permits a close look at how the intellectual leaders who conceived the project of a secularised state utilised science‐based philosophies for purposes of political argument and ideological legitimation.     

Le Conte de deux cités1 : Analyse comparative des conflits urbains de Montréal et Valence, 1995–2010

A tale of two cities: 9 Comparative analysis of urban conflicts of Montreal and Valencia, 1995–2010 Metropolization processes at work in contemporary societies produce social and spatial change, which can raise strong opposition from a variety of urban actors, leading to acts of dissent. While such urban conflict has been examined in the past, geographical analysis of urban conflicts as sociospatial processes is more recent. Systematic quantitative research on urban conflict is virtually nonexistent in terms of comparative analysis conducted with an international perspective. Systematic comparative analysis sheds light on the existing relationship between urban conflicts and the socio‐territorial contexts in which conflicts emerge and evolve. This article presents a comparative analysis of urban conflict that occurred in a selection of boroughs in two cities characterized by different geographical realities, Valencia (Spain) and Montreal (Canada), between 1995 and 2010. Spatial autocorrelation techniques applied to a conflict database show a significant relationship between the emergence of urban conflict and the spatial distribution of some contextual variables. Indeed, for Montreal as for Valencia, the concentration of urban conflict is the greatest in the most deprived neighbourhoods. Also, regarding the management and regulation of urban conflict, results shed light on important differences between Montreal and Valencia. These differences include the outcome of urban conflicts, repertoire of action of actors involved in conflict activity, and the type of contestation faced by actors who promote the challenged urban projects.     

十九世纪末鲁西南地方权力结构与民教冲突

19世纪末鲁西南地区频繁发生的教案、民教冲突与地方权力结构有着极其密切的关系,正是楔入乡土社会的教会势力破坏了地方上的权力结构,并与传统的地方权力结构分享乡土社会的控制民众权,使得以官绅为代表的地方权力阶层权势和利益受损,才导致了由地方权力阶层领导的反洋教运动。因此与其说双方的冲突是一种侵略与反侵略斗争或宗教与文化的冲突,不如说是双方利益和权力的争夺保卫战。     

Land-Use Conflict and the Rate of the Transition to Agricultural Economy: A Comparative Study of Southern Scandinavia and Central-Western Korea

Although the forager–farmer interaction model successfully explains the gradual transmission of farming technology to foraging groups, it fails to explain rapid, abrupt transition to agricultural economies. This paper suggests that interaction between farmers and foragers often includes conflict and competition over land and that this conflict between different land-use strategies may lead to a rapid, discontinuous transition of subsistence economy. Comparing southern Scandinavian and central-western Korean cases, this paper suggests that the rapid transition to an agricultural economy in central-western Korea was a consequence of the appearance of territoriality of farmers in mobile, land-sharing context, resulting in a decrease in number of resource patches available to foragers.     

Palestine,Israel, Gaza,and the West Bank: the muddled mental maps of French and Israeli students

ABSTRACT

The Palestinian–Israeli Conflict is perceived by many – observers and parties to the conflict alike – as a struggle of two peoples over the same land. Yet, through this century-long conflict (and more so as Israel has expanded and deepened its occupation), what was once, perhaps, imagined as a single land has become an assortment of territories. These territories bear multiple names and different legal statuses, and their boundaries are often blurred. In light of the jumbled patchwork that Palestine–Israel has become, we examine the ways that the conflict’s territorial dimensions are imagined and represented. We study the mental maps of the region held by higher education students from Israel, both Jewish and Arab-Palestinian, as well as with university students from Montpellier, France. The representations indicate that while the French students were almost completely at a loss regarding the conflict’s spatial dimensions, the students from Israel were also confused, especially regarding the Occupied Palestinian Territories. We argue that these findings stem from a wider process of deterritorialization, linked to the conflicting relations between state and nation and intensified by a policy of chaotic spatial arrangements.     

Economic interdependence and international interactions: the impact of country size on political conflict and cooperation

The trade–conflict model claims that one state, designated as the ‘actor’, is deterred from initiating conflict against a trading partner, designated as the ‘target’, for fear of losing the welfare gains associated with trade. This article extends the trade–conflict model to examine the effect of country size on the trade gains among countries. We derive three propositions with regard to international interactions that pertain to the links between trade, conflict and country size. These hypotheses all imply that a country with an improvement in its terms of trade with a large country will decrease conflict more than it would with an improvement in its terms of trade with a small country. A 30‐country sample from the Conflict and Peace Data Bank (COPDAB) is used for empirical tests. The empirical analyses support the derived hypotheses. The model predicts that a country's ability to influence domestic consumption in a trading partner is an important determinant of international interactions.