关于达斡尔族多神信仰及相关价值观念探析

达斡尔族长期遥居于我国东北地区,与世交往很少,萨满教成为当时达斡尔族人民的精神饮品,受萨满教万物有灵思想的影响,当时的达斡尔族人民将世界中的有生物和非生物都视为神来信仰。认为诸神都是人类和自然界的主宰者,所以将它们以神佛进行供奉,保佑人畜平安、各业兴旺。达斡尔人对于所供奉的诸神分为固有的和外来的两类,对于固有的神,不但有神的传说,同时还有各有固定的祭词,另外还将许多神合为一神,富于一定的系列性。本文对达斡尔族历史上所信仰的众神时行了分析,并对多神信仰的文化根基及相关价值观的形成进行了具体的阐述。     

丁云鹏《玉川煮茶图》

明末画家多借山水、花鸟等景物而抒其胸怀,丁云鹏却以擅长人物画而名噪一时,《玉川煮茶图》(封面)即其画作中较为精采的一幅。茶,在我国有着悠久的历史,煮茶、饮茶已成为我们民族一种特有的文化现象。被后世奉为“茶神”的唐代陆羽不但嗜茶如命,还为后人留下了一部《茶经》。在唐代尚有     

马逵长治久安图

马逵来自干宋代一个五代供奉于宫廷画院的画师世家。从他的曾祖马贲起,即在北宋后期的徽宗画院中任待诏,直至他的侄儿马麟还在南宋理宗朝(1225-1264年)中供职,历经五代,功绩煌煌。宋代画坛中父子、兄弟、叔侄齐名者并不少见,但像马氏一门这样,如此长久的代有人出,并始终以画艺擅名的例子即便在宋代亦只此一例。出生在这样有着深厚渊源的绘画世     

为传统文化研究注入活力──《中国人与中国祠神文化》读后

为传统文化研究注入活力──《中国人与中国祠神文化》读后袁征唐代的茶坊在烛台上搁着一个茶神,有生意就把茶水供奉在它面前,没有生意就舀起滚烫的开水照头没过去。这是什么心理？程民生博士的新作《神人同居的世界－－中国人与中国祠神文化》（河南人民出版社１９９３...     

乾隆的两只熊

雍和宫的东配殿,建于清乾隆九年（1744年）,很可能在其落成仅10年的时候。那两只被猎杀的熊就被供奉在了现在这两只木雕熊所在的位置。东配殿中还供奉着5座密宗佛像,右图中红衣游客正在跪拜的为永保护法像（又称大黑天）。据说大黑天为战神,礼祀此神可增威德。举事能胜。这也许可以解释两只熊被供奉在这里的原因吧。     

诸神赐福的灵域

在中国境内,宗教建筑设施密度最高的地方大约就数澳门了。我至今没弄清楚,澳门到底是教堂多．还是庙宇多？到底是西方的神多,还是中国的神多,除了天后和佛教道教的佛菩萨、神仙外．澳门人还供奉包公、关帝、财神、龙王、钟馗、姜太公、土地公、女娲、哪吒、鲁班、华佗等等．甚至一块石头．也被刻上“泰山石敢当”的名号加以供奉。     

陆羽研究会在天门召开——记陆羽研究会首届学术讨论会

五月十二日“茶神”陆羽故乡——湖北省天门县在竟陵镇陆羽宾馆举行首届陆羽研究学术讨论会,参加会的有全国部分省市的专家学者共116人,中商部茶畜局陈云锡副局长和中国茶叶学会理事长王泽农教授主持了会议。日本东京女子医科大学名誉教授诸冈妙子和她的女友瓮君代教授也应邀专程赶到我国参加了这次盛会。陆羽是我国唐代的杰出学者,著名茶叶科学家、茶学理论家,他著述的《茶经》举     

坛神考

坛神是什么神？什么人家一定要供奉坛神？这连许多家里供有坛神的人也不一定明白。有人以为坛神供奉的是“五通”,此说不确。“五通”是一种淫邪神名。在明代,江苏民俗多供奉它。有人也称为”五圣”、“五显灵公”或“五郎神”。民间传说五通神能迷惑妇女,为种种怪异,迷信的人相信这个,所以五通神香火很盛。《聊斋志异》中就有关于五通迷惑妇女的记载。清朝初年,苏州城西边的楞伽山所奉五通特别著名。康熙时汤斌任江苏巡抚,命令将五通神像丢到太湖里去,并连其他地方所建五通神庙和神像,一律毁掉。“五通”这个名字,本来起源于唐宋…     

建窑黑盏与宋代斗茶文化

中国是茶的故乡,而中国古代的茶具,在中华民族文化史中占有重要的一席之地.以福建建阳窑兔毫盏为代表的黑釉瓷茶盏,因其精湛的工艺水平和适应当时的"斗茶"而著称,在两宋时期盛极一时.本文通过论述宋代建阳窑黑釉瓷器及宋代斗茶文化,揭示建窑黑釉瓷茶盏的兴盛与两宋时期斗荼文化的繁荣二者之间的内在联系.     

300个傣女祭寨神

寨神是傣族村寨的保护神,即社神,傣语称“丢拉”。他们是原氏族的祖先,通常是建寨过程中有功的特权家庭成员,在氏族发展为村社以后,便被供奉为寨神,由本寨人供奉。寨神有善恶两种,善者能保佑全村,恶者则会危害本村利益,因此都要加以供奉和祭祀。寨神通常被供祭于村中的寨子中央,具有无上的权威。傣族人一生中的一切重大事件,都与寨神息息相关,都要举行一定的祈祷仪式。城子寨祭寨神时是由每户女主人参加。各家各户备办鸡、酒、蜡条、糯     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.