1886-1894年间近代科学在晚清知识分子中的影响--上海格致书院格致类课艺分析

1886-1894年间的格致书院课艺是晚清杰出知识分子学术活动的典范.其中格致类课艺反映了西方近代科学在晚清知识分子中的影响.本文就格致类课艺的参与人、具体科学内容和"中西格致异同"讨论三项内容进行分析,揭示出近代科学在晚清知识分子中具有广泛影响;晚清学者掌握部分科学内容;他们对近代科学规范(对象、方法与体系)已有深刻认识,并由此发生智力兴趣转移.其智力兴趣由庞杂的博物学转向分科化、系统化的近代科学,为中国近代科学家的分化奠定了基础.     

晚清民间知识分子的西学观——以上海格致书院为例

本文以上海格致书院为例,以《格致书院课艺》为基本史料,集中阐述了作为民间知识群体的格致书院学生的西学知识结构及其对中西学关系、引进西学的方法等问题的基本认识,从普通民众角度揭示了当时中国思想界的西学观。格致书院学生的思想虽然不似站在历史前台的“大人物”的思想能够左右国家政策,但作为一种潜在的民间思想仍具有社会感召力。     

哈巴在广州

哈巴是美国医学博士。他于1844年来到中国,长期生活在广州。原以行医传教为目的,其后因缘际会,与广州中西化交流有着密切的关系。他曾是中国第一批留美学生容闳等人的英语老师,广州同馆首批毕业生的英教习;是广州格致书院(岭南大学的前身)的创办人。他对教育事业有着巨大的热忱,对广州有着深厚的感情。     

格致书院与实学教育

格致书院是近代中国教育史上的一个全新学校。它由外国人倡议,中外人士共办,招收中国学生,学习西方科学技术。它是在洋务运动背景下产生的,学院的支持者、所有者、管理者中有许多中国人皆为洋务官员、富商和学者,可以说,格致书院就是为洋务运动提供急需人才而创办的。但是,洋务运动作为在中国遭受外国侵略、列强剥削的情况下兴起的求强求富运动,从一开始就面临着中国传统文化和西方文化交流与冲突的抉择,他们既没有采取保守的国粹主义态度,又没有采取急进的西化政策,而是选择了一条平等交流、渐进吸收的文化路线。当然,这一方面…     

满族女作家格致散文论

进入新世纪,受多种现代性因素的影响,作为传统文体的散文出现了变革的趋势.满族女作家格致积极参与了散文的变革.她以女性立场为基点,将女性话语引向公共空间,让散文承载起性别话语交流的文体使命.同时,格致还大胆实践散文文体革新,引入小说的虚构、细节扩张等笔法,制造陌生化的“危险”语言,试图拓宽散文的思想艺术空间.这种拓宽“功能维度”的努力还体现在格致的民族性表达里.作为一名极富民族意识的满族作家,格致希望散文能够成为民族文学的一种典型载体.通过对民族归属感的强调,对满族物质、精神文化传统的寻找、重温与缅怀,格致展示了少数民族散文在当代“汉化”背景下的一种存在形态.     

清代书院与历史教育

清代是中国古代书院发展的鼎盛时期。在清代的各类书院中,历史教育均成为其教学内容的一个重要组成部分。清代书院对历史教育的重视程度、其历史教育内容的扩大以及历史教育对象的广泛性等,均为前代书院所不及。书院长期积累的一些有益的历史教育经验,在今天仍具有借鉴的意义。     

“儿童书院式”课堂的探索与实践

<正>“儿童书院式”课堂,是指根据新时代对教育教学改革的期待与呼唤,以“完整人的培养”为目标,借鉴古代书院的教学文化特质而构建的既弥漫着古代书院气息又彰显着时代特征的课堂教育教学模式。泰兴市襟江小学的前身,是创办于160多年前的襟江书院。纵观襟江书院的历史,我们不仅感受到了襟江先贤的远见卓识和博大胸怀,也感受到了今日襟江人的历史使命和时代责任。我们认为,在教育步入现代化的今天,重温古代书院历史,从其办学宗旨、形式等方面汲取营养,以濡染今天的教育,具有重要的现实意义。     

胡文焕丛书考辨

中国的丛书之业渊远流长。有明一代,政通人和,丛书刊刻,蔚为流行。其中明胡焕刊刻的丛书,尤其是《格致丛书》,数量之巨,种类之多,影响之大,在我国的丛书史上,尤其在明刊丛书中占有重要一席。     

书院传统及其现代意义

传道与为己并兼是传统书院的办学宗旨。传道即道统传承与创新,其实质就是如何"为学"。"为己",就是成就自己,完善自我人格,实际上就是如何"做人"。在书院教育中,"为学"与"做人"是始终联系在一起的。书院在其讲学方面,形成了不同层次的讲学形式与独具特色的会讲制度,体现了书院追求规范宰制与精神自主的平衡。现代社会的发展应该从书院文化传统中借鉴其办学宗旨的精神实质,处理好为学与做人的关系;吸取其讲学方式的精神内涵,处理好规范与自主的关系。     

《中国书院文献丛刊》(第一辑)简介

正书院作为中国古代独具特色的文化教育组织,在千余年发展过程中形成了有关教育、学术、思想、文化、经济、建筑等方面数量巨大、种类繁多的书院文献,其保护与利用亟待重视。2018年,由湖南大学岳麓书院邓洪波教授主编的《中国书院文献丛刊》第一辑(以下简称《丛刊》)是国家社科基金重大项目"中国书院文献整理与研究"的阶段性成果,由国家图书馆出版社与上海科学技术文献出版社联合影印出版。全书共计100册,收录了涉及22个省区的书院文献125种。其中,有综合     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.