基于重化工业发展的珠江三角洲工业空间结构演变研究

本文在对改革开放以来珠江三角洲工业空间现状特征细致分析的基础上,探讨了重化工业空间的一般特征及基于重化工业发展的珠三角工业空间结构演变。结果表明,珠三角重化工业发展的空间结构效应主要表现为形成工业空间集聚的新要素;大城市工业核心功能更加突出,工业发展空间分异日益显著;形成新的地方性工业节点以及临海工业空间逐步形成,并从促进珠三角区域经济、空间协调发展的角度提出了几点建议。     

Learning and the ' Ba ' in the Development Network of an Urban Region

In order for an urban region to learn and develop, it is necessary for its development network to learn. In this article, Ikujiro Nonaka's learning model, which emphasizes the significance of tacit and explicit knowledge interacting in a spiral process and thus enabling creation of new knowledge, is applied to learning in a development network. Nonaka and his colleagues have also conceptualized specific places ( ba ) to correspond to every phase of knowledge conversion. Favourable conditions or places can also be developed for knowledge conversion in a development network: this article presents some potential ba for the development network including practical examples from Tampere Urban Region (located in Finland).     

新经济时代我国特大城市发展与空间组织

新经济的发展将会全面提升我国特大城市的发展,影响城市的空间组织。本文认为,新经济对我国特大城市发展的主要影响有:促进城市的产业结构提升;促进新经济时代的城市基础设施"数字城市"的建设;促进城市创新环境--生产服务业发展。在新经济推动下,建立有效的知识通道将成为我国特大城市空间组织的一个重要原则,因此,知识源的选择、知识传导的路径及通道,知识使用地的吸引构造以及与软要素构成创新环境的规划、协调、共生将成为城市规划的重要研究课题。     

试论西海固贫困民族地区的城市化及反贫困

西海固地区是我国西部贫困民族地区,文章认为该区城市化有着与我国东部不同的特点,主要表现为:城市总体水平低,城镇体系不健全,现有城镇职能简单,城镇对区域经济发展和脱贫贡献不大,城镇发展层次低,缺乏长远规划和活力。文章通过国内外发达国家和地区城市化发展实践、西海固地区农业吊庄模式和工业(城镇)吊庄模式的分析以及加快城市化对吸纳农村剩余劳动力,调整产业结构的理论分析后认为加快城市化进程是西海固地区摆脱贫困的必由之路。文章认为加快西海固地区城市化过程应采取如下对策:①积极开展西海固城镇体系规划,充分发挥其指导作用,②要充分利用靠近铁路、河流的有利条件,以现有县镇为依托分层次搞好城市建设,③城市建设要引入新的机制,④进行产业结构调整,⑤培育和搞活市场,充分调动回族经商的积极性,⑥建设宝中铁路工作走廊,推动城市化过程,⑦加快发展乡镇企业,私营和个体企业,⑧注重城市可持续发展,加大科技教育投入。     

Zooarchaeological evidence of large-scale cattle metapodial processing in the 18th century in the small town of Rauma,Finland

SUMMARY: In this article we examine and interpret a cattle-bone assemblage from the small town of Rauma, Finland, dating to the early 18th century, exhibiting evidence for large-scale raw bone material collection and preparation. Sawn ends of bovine metapodials originating from at least 230 individuals were found in shallow pits near the town border. Bones from adult male cattle dominated the sample. The uniformity of the craft process, careful selection of the bones and the concentrated deposition of the waste indicate a professional large-scale operation aimed at preparation of half-finished products. The shafts were probably not worked further at this site. It is likely that metapodial shafts were exported to larger cities, such as Stockholm, because Rauma, or possibly even the whole of 18th-century Finland, would not have had the markets for such a large number of end products.     

中国乡村社会空间的形成与演化

乡村社会空间反映了一定社会经济背景下乡村日常社会生活在地域空间上的分异与组合格局,其归根结底是由乡村社会主体的群体分化形成的。我国乡村发展历史悠久,改革开放以后变化尤其显著,研究其社会空间问题有一定现实意义。本文在对乡村社会空间的内涵进行阐释的基础上,分析了我国乡村社会空间的演变过程及现状特征,揭示了其形成演化的机制与规律,并对我国乡村社会空间的发展趋向进行了探讨。     

洛杉矶:从地区性中心城市到全球性城市的研究

本文回顾了在当今美国乃至世界城市中占有重要位置的城市--洛杉矶从地区性中心城市到全球性城市的发展历程,探讨了洛杉矶崛起的原因。通过对这一典型案例的历史考察和综合分析,作者力图揭示出全球性城市形成中的一些具有普遍意义的启示。     

宋金元时期陇西、青东黄土高原地区城镇的发展

宋金元时期是陇西、青东地区城镇发展的重要阶段。北宋为经略陇右而在陇西、青东地区大修堡寨,促使城镇数量激增,形成畸形发展之势;金元时期,城镇数量的显著下降是城镇建设回归常态的反映。这一时期城镇数量的剧烈变化主要存在于县以下的小城镇,而县及县以上城镇的变化相对稳定。特殊的政治、军事、民族形势和国防的需要,是影响这一时期城镇发展的主要因素,在此基础上,陇西、青东地区的城镇在功能上形成综合性区域中心城镇、军事性城镇和商贸型城镇三大类型。     

我国历史文化村镇保护的内容与方法研究

历史化村镇是我国遗产保护体系的重要组成部分,随着第一批中国历史化名镇(村)的命名公布。遗产保护工作又进入了一个崭新阶段。我国历史化村镇保护研究较国外起步较晚,相关研究也欠深入全面。导致在当前城镇化快速发展过程中,一些颇具价值特色的古村镇没有得到很好保护。本首先回顾了国内外历史小城镇、村落保护的演变发展,然后指出历史化村镇保护在价值特性方面,不同于历史化名城;在保护内容方面,要在以往偏重于物质化遗产保护的基础上。进一步加重非物质化遗产的保护;在保护方法方面,要综合运用历史学、地理学、建筑学、社会学、景观生态学等方法,才能达到较好的保护效果。     

宁夏县域经济的类型演变特征及其发展路径

对县域经济类型进行划分并对其时空格局演变进行分析是总结县域经济发展模式,制定县域发展政策的重要依据。在对宁夏县域经济发展程度进行划分,以及对其主导产业类型的判定的基础上,将两个判定结果相结合能最终确定县域经济类型。依据此方法对1989-2009年宁夏县域经济类型的演变特征进行分析,结果表明:近20年宁夏县域经济总体上实现了较快的发展;产业类型由单一的农业主导型,逐渐演变为以工业主导型和商贸业主导型为主。总体来讲,有四个类型区的发展路径具有相对一致性,可以分别作为一个政策扶持的类型区。     

人口城镇化不是农村工业化、乡村城镇化

人口城镇化和农村工业化、乡村城镇化哪种提法更符合社会发展的趋势?它们之间的最大区别,是人口城镇化必然要求较大规模的人口乡→城异地迁移,农村工业化和乡村城镇化更强调人口的就地转化。人口城镇化是现代社会的发展趋势,而农村工业化和乡村城镇化只适用于部分条件较为优越的地区,大部分现有的农村是不可能工业化、也不可能城镇化的。所以,作为未来的发展方针,必须提人口城镇化,而不是农村工业化或乡村城镇化。并且,人口城镇化还肩负着转移农村剩余劳动力、提高农业经营规模和节约利用土地资源等多重使命,需要作出系统的政策安排。     

资源型城市生命周期优化调控潜力测评

近年来我国不少资源型城市出现了生态环境急剧恶化、主导资源濒临枯竭和经济持续衰退等一系列重大问题,解决这些问题正成为推动资源型城市可持续发展的关键。本研究基于生命周期理论,分析了城市生命周期,构建资源型城市生命周期优化调控理论模型,采用AHP层次分析法与德尔菲法,构建了资源型城市优化调控潜力测评指标体系。并以我国典型资源型城市大庆为例,测评了其生命周期优化调控潜力。测评结果表明,目前大庆市生命周期正处于优化转型阶段,具有较强的优化调控潜力。最后,从提升发展理念、发展基础、主导动力、核心功能与保障能力等五个方面构建了大庆市生命周期优化调控潜力的提升机制。     

中国专业村研究的新近进展

专业村是近年来得到学术界普遍关注的领域,其对农区经济发展有着重要的促进作用。本文基于对国内专业村文献的梳理,论述了专业村的概念以及专业村形成的影响因素,总结了专业村研究中出现的一些新动向:基于社会网络联系的专业村研究、农户自主发展能力的研究、专业村和金融地理研究等。在以下领域尚需加强:专业村研究适当关注地域广阔的中西部地区;除加强专业村经济效益评估外,应注重专业村对农区经济、政治、文化建设的整体推进;加强多尺度综合研究,如微观的农户,中尺度的农区,宏观尺度的国家和国际层面等。     

近代英国工业城市的空间结构与城市规划（1848-1939）

以曼彻斯特、伯明翰和利兹为代表的新型工业城市在空间结构方面体现出鲜明特征:随着新型工业建筑的出现,土地功能实现区分;各类建筑交叉林立,城市布局混乱;新的社会阶层居所分离形成。这种空间结构特征,使得工业城市中的"城市病"问题尤为突出。在英国19世纪中叶兴起的近代城市规划运动中,工业城市积极开展规划实践,空间结构得到合理重组,"城市病"得以缓解,城市面貌显著改观。     

PERFECT REPRESENTATIONS OF SOVIET PLANNED SPACE

The article looks at mono‐industrial cities in the Baltic States during the Soviet era. In terms of economy, ethnicity and their urban appearance these heterotopic towns were outposts in the integration of the occupied European‐like territories into the Soviet Union. Thanks to the principles of planning and state‐favoured development that were applied across the Soviet Union, these towns, built for Russian speaking immigrants, stood out from the surrounding patterns of settlement that had developed naturally over time. The uranium producing town of Sillamäe in Estonia was built in secret and with lightning speed amidst the panic concerning the atom bomb immediately after the war, and provides us with a perfect model of Stalinist urban development. Stu?ka, built in the 1960s near a hydro‐electric power station in Latvia and Snie?kus, built in the 1970s next to a nuclear power station in Lithuania, were less separated from the surrounding landscape, but both provide a perfect example of Soviet modernism, which had been learned from mass‐housing in the West.     

Becoming Modern: Hybrid Foodways in Early Modern Tornio,Northern Finland

This paper focuses on foodways in a small town in northern Finland between 1621 and 1800 CE. Tornio was founded in 1621in northern Finland, at that time a part of the Swedish kingdom. Tornio was a dynamic town where people of different ethnic origins came together, forming a new urban community and new urban foodways. Archaeological remains of the town’s foodways—animal remains, macrofossils, and ceramics—suggest that the food culture of Tornio was a hybrid of local indigenous and rural traditions and international fashions. The foodways underwent significant changes in the 18th century. The changes were related to modernization and changing human-environmental relationships.     

In defence of oblivion: the case of Dunwich,Suffolk

This article examines the way in which the town of Dunwich, Suffolk, once the capital of a Saxon kingdom and the sixth largest town in England, has constructed its identity from its long history of experiencing coastal erosion. Now as a small village, Dunwich has built a cultural heritage industry devoted to presenting absence to its visitors and residents, through many diverse forms: historiography, archaeology and the material culture displayed and commodified in the Dunwich Museum. Local pride in this history of disappearance runs strong, as was demonstrated when a proposed monument to the lost town was rejected by village residents. Connecting this sense of identity both to critical investigations into the nature of loss, transience and disappearance, as well as to the future of local and global environmental processes, this article considers whether a site whose construction of loss-as-identity should be allowed to survive past its natural lifespan – especially one that, given the process of erosion involved, can be measured. If the dominant cultural logic at a site tends towards absence rather than presence, I here ask what justifications exist for forestalling that identity in the name of conservation and preservation.     

郊区新城发展与大城市空间结构调整:松江案例

目前,我国正处在城市化快速推进阶段,为突破既有城市结构对城市发展的束缚,缓解中心城区的人口、就业、交通、环境等压力,优化城市经济结构,许多城市正在积极拓展新的发展空间,大城市地区的新城建设更是如火如荼。上海自早期的卫星城建设开始,到近期的"一城九镇",再到最近的"1966"城镇体系规划建设框架,一直试图通过郊区城镇的建设和发展来疏解中心城区的巨大压力。特别是最近10年,松江作为上海大都市郊区重要城镇的规划建设,对突破上海中心城区"一核独强"的空间结构所产生的影响在新城建设中颇具典型的意义。本文试图通过松江新城"次核"发育、松江新城的城市功能演化、松江新城人居环境建设三个方面的剖析,探讨新城建设与城市空间结构演化的互动关系,以在宏观上更好地认识和把握新城对城市发展的影响,以期对上海或国内其他大都市区郊区其他新城的建设和多中心城市空间格局的形成有所裨益。     

县城在乡村城市化中的优势分析

依据县城在我国乡村城市化过程中快速发展的现实,分析了县城在乡村城市化过程中拥有的而一般小城镇所不具备的非经济方面的优势条件。这些优势条件主要体现在社会文化、地域条件、区域与设施条件等方面。最后提出在乡村城市化的过程中要重点建设县城,并配合各项改革,进行制度创新,因势利导,充分发挥县城优势等各项对策建议。     

Knowledge That Matters: Identifying Regional Knowledge Assets of the Tampere Region

The existing literature considers knowledge as one of the key drivers of regional development. The idiosyncratic nature of regional knowledge is also acknowledged: each region possesses its unique knowledge assets which serve as the basis of value creation. However, what is currently not well-known is how the region-specific knowledge assets can be identified, for example, in order to manage and develop them. Thus this paper aims first to explore how the relevant knowledge assets can be identified for a given region, and, second, to describe what the context-specific knowledge assets are. These objectives are pursued using a qualitative case approach. As a case region, this study focuses on the Tampere Region in Finland. The study makes a contribution by providing a new insight regarding the contextual identification of regional knowledge assets and by illustrating the key knowledge assets of the case region. These insights are considered valuable for the regional actors responsible for carrying out similar initiatives in their respective regions.